Abstract
The effects of Bordetella avium and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on respiratory defense parameters of the turkey were studied. Quantitative clearance of aerosolized Escherichia coli from the trachea, lung, and air sacs was measured in turkeys infected with B. avium, NDV, and a combined infection of B. avium and NDV. Clearance was minimally affected in turkeys infected with B. avium. Clearance was inhibited in turkeys infected with NDV and with the combined infection of B. avium and NDV. Tracheal mucus transport rate (TMTR) was measured in unanesthetized turkeys infected with B. avium, NDV, or the combined infection of B. avium and NDV. TMTR was depressed in B. avium -infected turkeys 21 days postexposure. TMTR was depressed in NDV-infected and B. avium - and NDV-infected turkeys 3 to 7 days postexposure. Slower transport rates were associated with extensive loss of ciliated epithelium from the tracheal mucosa and replacement of the normal mucosa by immature nonciliated epithelium. Low numbers of resident respiratory macrophages were retrievable by lavage of normal turkeys so respiratory macrophages of the turkey were elicited with a suspension of incomplete Freund's adjuvant in sterile phosphate-buffered saline injected directly into the abdominal air sacs. Respiratory macrophages were purified through a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient and adequate numbers of respiratory macrophages for in vitro experiments were obtained. Respiratory macrophages of the turkey demonstrated the ability to adhere to glass, phagocytize Zymosan A, and kill E. coli in vitro. Effects of in vivo infection with NDV and the addition of a B. avium toxin in vitro on the bactericidal, binding, and phagocytic activities of respiratory macrophages were studied. Respiratory macrophages demonstrated the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and complement receptors but a lack of IgM receptors. Respiratory macrophages from NDV-infected turkeys showed almost complete inhibition of bacterial killing and significant depression of phagocytosis of erythrocyte-IgG complexes and erythrocyte-IgM-complement complexes but no depression of binding of these complexes to their appropriate membrane receptors. The toxin of B. avium had little effect on the parameters measured.
Ficken, Martin Dale (1987). Respiratory clearance in normal turkeys and turkeys infected with Bordetella avium and Newcastle disease virus. Texas A&M University. Texas A&M University. Libraries. Available electronically from
https : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /DISSERTATIONS -26939.