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A STUDY OF OCCUPANCY-BASED SMART BUILDING CONTROLS IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS - SUPPORTING DOCUMENT
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2023-10-02
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These days, building energy performance simulation (BEPS) is widely used to predict building energy use in the process of building designs. Thermal zones in BEPS impacts building system efficiency and (i.e., HVAC, lighting, and equipment systems) and performance as a basic unit to control indoor space. For the modeling of thermal zones, conventional design methods have been used to determine thermal zone designs in practice. However, the advances of building technology and control require more sophisticated zoning methods in BEPS to be wise in controls and reduce energy waste.
In previous research, many studies discussed the importance of thermal zoning methods. However, the details of the impact of thermal zoning were not fully investigated, especially in different HVAC systems, occupant usage intensities, and climates. These factors would significantly affect the energy efficiency in building operations. Therefore, Kim (2020) explored the impact of thermal zoning methods under different buildings and climate conditions (i.e., hot-humid, and cold-humid) to support proper thermal zoning determination.
Therefore, this report contains detailed information of the reference simulation models used in Kim (2020), including thermal zoning methods (i.e., single-zone, five-zone, and detailed zone models), HVAC systems (i.e., Packaged Single Zone (PSZ) system, Packaged Variable Air Volume (PVAV) system), and Occupant usage Intensity (i.e., : 100%-for-24hrs / 0%-for-24hrs / ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2016 schedule).
The reference models (i.e., single-zone, five-zone models) for DOE-2.1e were developed based on the USDOE prototype parameters (PNNL and U.S.DOE 2019), which were used to compare the impact on energy use due to thermal zone models. The detailed zone models were modeled based on the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) research (Im et al. 2019; Im and New 2018) to represent a detailed space programs and usage in an office building.
The four reference simulation models are described in Section 2 and Appendix A for the DOE-2.1e program, including the BDL descriptions and simulation boundary and input conditions.