The non-linear response of a two-layer, baroclinic ocean to a stationary, axially-symmetric hurricane

Abstract

This study is concerned with the theoretical description of upwelling and mixing induced in a stratified, rotating two-layer ocean by momentum transfer from an intense stationary, axially-symmetric atmospheric vortex. The dynamic internal response of the ocean is assumed to be axially-symmetric which permits consideration of the solution in two independent variables, radial distance and time. Numerical integration via the method of characteristics is utilized to obtain values of radial velocity, tangential velocity, depth and density of the upper layer for a period of two days. Transfer of momentum between the air and the sea and between the upper and lower layers are allowed. Turbulent mixing of heat and salt between the upper and lower layers in included. Transfer of heat and moisture with the atmosphere is not considered. A general model is derived which leads to a hierarchy of models of increasing complexity. The detailed solution of the first three of these is illustrated. In all three models, an infinitely-deep bottom layer is assumed which allows consideration of the bar clinic (internal) mode of response only. The mechanisms of energy transfer to and from the atmosphere and to and from the lower layer are examined in detail. ...