The formation of gas bubbles and interfacial area at high rates of gas flow through submerged orifices
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1964
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Abstract
Interfacial area was formed by passing air through single orifices that were submerged beneath 4.5 feet of water. The flow rate of the air was varied from 0.095 to 1.340 standard cubic feet per minute (70°F and 1 atmosphere pressure), and the orifice diameter was varied from 0.03125 inches to 0.1875 inches. The volume of the chamber behind the orifices was varied form 10 cc to 2,290 cc in selected experiments. No effect due to the variation of the variation of the chamber volume was found. The majority of the data was taken using a chamber volume of 1,380 cc. the interfacial areas were measured by use of a light transmittance technique. Signals from a photocell were electronically integrated and were used to give the mean values of the light intensity at a particular flow rate of the air. The ratio of the light intensity with air bubbles in the water to the light intensity with no air bubbles in the water was related to the interfacial area, which was measured manually from photographs. The interfacial area for a particular flow rate of air was measured at five different heights above the orifice. The magnitude of the interfacial area at any given distance from six inches above the orifice was found to be a function of the kinetic energy of the gas in the chamber behind the orifice and the diameter of the orifice.
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Major chemical engineering