The taxonomy and systematics of the gymnolaemate and stenolaemate bryozoa of the northwest Gulf of Mexico

Abstract

The distribution of Bryozoa from the northwest Gulf of Mexico is herein reviewed. The taxonomy, systematics and ecology of this phylum is emphasized. Over 1400 specimens were collected and identified from 12 topographic highs in the Gulf. Samples were collected, almost exclusively, from May to September. One hundred and seventy-five species are covered. Twenty-four species are new additions to the Gulf of Mexico. One species (Monobryozoon limicola) is new to American waters and one new species (Parasmittina mildredae) is described as a result of this investigation. These 175 species represent 45 families and 98 genera. The ecological factors of temperature, salinity and sedimentation influence the larval settlement process and the colonies's ability to survive. The abiotic factors, especially,turbidity from the nepheloid layer, and available substrate affect the zoarial form of certain species of Bryozoa. Their distribution is also affected by biotic factors, such as the ability to disperse, both as larvae and as adults (as foulers), as well as, their ability to compete with other Bryozoans and other micro- and macro-organisms.