Sir Redvers Buller in the Post Cardwellian Army : a study of the rise and fall of a military reputation

Abstract

In 1899, General Sir Redvers Buller went to South Africa to command the British forces in a war against the Dutch-speaking republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. While never having held independent command over so large a force, Buller had an excellent reputation for leadership and courage. He had fought in most of the major Victorian campaigns, earning great distinction. He held the Victorian Cross. Britain's highest award for bravery, as well as several orders of knighthood. He had also advanced rapidly in the officer corps of the British Army, earning rank through meritorious service more rapidly than most men of his age and experience. In addition. Buller spent ten years at the War Office, as a reformer in a period usually considered devoid of Army reform, and a year in Ireland where his reputation for strength, courage and determination were to have solved the impossible situation there. Despite this background, within months after the Boer War began, Buller had been demoted, his reputation was in tatters, and his characteristics of courage and leadership called into question. Ultimately, he would be forced to retire prematurely from the Army. This dissertation will examine the life of Sir Redvers Buller in order to learn the bases for his reputation and to look at the events which led to his dismissal. Recognition of his accomplishments and understanding of his failures will bring a new interpretation of Buller's place in the history of the British Army.