Variables associated with the underrepresentation of women at the rank of director of pharmacy service positions in the Department of Veterans Affairs

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify variables associated with the underrepresentation of women in director of pharmacy positions in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). A survey instrument was developed and validated to measure career aspirations and gather demographic data. A stratified proportional random national sampling by gender was obtained from a population of 2010 male and 1010 female VA pharmacists. A one page questionnaire was mailed to a sampling of 350 male and 310 female full time VA pharmacists. A total of 296 male and 250 female pharmacists responded. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using Chi-square procedures. The following conclusions were made: 1. Self-directed behavior by women pharmacists could have contributed to the underrepresentation of women in director of pharmacy positions. The variables concerning career aspirations, educational choices, perceptions of equal opportunity, and the perception as a secondary wage earner were different for men and women pharmacists and could impact the promotion potential of women. 2. Continuity of career and lack of mobility was not identified as a factor contributing to the underrepresentation of women in director of pharmacy positions. 3. The year graduated may contribute to the underrepresentation of women in director of pharmacy positions. 4. Women who graduated prior to 1982 set their highest career goal at mid management positions and those graduating in 1982 or after aspired to clinical positions. 5. The year graduated for women pharmacists did not impact their aspirations for chief pharmacist positions or continuity of career.