Perceptions of women optometry graduates on educational preparation, practice patterns, and role conflicts : the implications for practice management programs and continuing professional education

Abstract

The problem addressed in this study was the absence of research on women in the field of optometry. The purpose of the study was to explore the impact of gender on practice patterns, career rewards and satisfaction, role conflicts, and the implications for educational institutions in providing career preparation and continuing professional education. Graduates of the fifteen U. S. schools and colleges of optometry participated in this study. The response rate was 72 percent. A number of significant findings emerged from this study. Respondents are overwhelmingly negative about the adequacy of their practice management training. Slightly over one-half felt prepared to enter the field at graduation. While most respondents agree that optometry provides independence, a desirable lifestyle and is challenging, fewer feel that optometry is financially rewarding and provides a secure future. Common themes are the growth of commercialism, competitiveness among optometrists, and over-education for what they do. Among the conclusions reached were: 1) women have special needs as they enter the profession; 2) women need the support of professional colleagues and organizations; 3) gender bias in the schools and in the field must be eliminated through information and education; 4) women have serious concerns about the future of optometry; 5) practice management programs must be revised and upgraded to better meet the needs of women; 6) continuing education programs must involve women optometrists in determining both content and context; and 7) role models, mentors and sponsors for women entering the profession are needed.