A Multitrait-Multimethod investigation of the relationship between music memory and spatial memory

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between music memory and spatial memory. This relationship was examined using the Multitrait-Multimethod procedure which allows for the assessment of convergent and discriminant validity of the traits. Music memory (pitch and contour components), spatial memory (visual-spatial components), and a control variable, verbal ability, were each measured by three methods. Fifty-eight undergraduate university students were tested ever the nine measures. The relationships indicated in the Multitrait-Multimethod correlation matrix were examined using the Campbell-Fiske (1959) criteria, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Correlations among the traits supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the traits. Exploratory factor analysis indicated the presence of three orthogonal or oblique traits. Confirmatory factor analysis results support a three-factor oblique model with a relationship between the music memory and spatial memory traits. These findings suggest that music educators should integrate visual-spatial memory skills in the teaching of musical pitch and contour.