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Industrial and Commercial Heat Pump Applications in the United States
Abstract
The energy crisis of 1973 accelerated the development
of large-scale heat pumps in the United States.
Since that time, the commercial, institutional, and
industrial applications of heat pumps for waste heat
recovery have expanded.
This paper reviews the trends in heat pump cycle
developments and discusses both the closed vapor
compression cycle and refrigerants most commonly used
and the open-cycle mechanical vapor compression heat
pumps. Waste heat sources, heat loads served by heat
pumps--and typical applications using heat pumps for
large-scale space heating, domestic water heating, and
industrial process water heating-- are discussed.
Typical installations include commercial
applications in hotels, high-rise apartments and
condominiums, and office buildings. Institutional
installations discussed include hospitals, universities,
wastewater treatment plants, and airport terminals.
Industrial applications largely center on food processing
industries, feedwater heating, metal fabricating, and
other industries. Reference is also made to other
applications and alternative energy sources now gaining
acceptance, including groundwater/geothermal water.
Subject
Heat Pump Cycle DevelopmentsHeat Loads
Waste Heat Sources
Commercial Applications
Industrial Applications
Collections
Citation
Niess, R. C. (1986). Industrial and Commercial Heat Pump Applications in the United States. Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu). Available electronically from https : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /93001.