SMALL SCALE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF METAL ELECTRODES

Abstract

Realization of alkali metal anodes would enable batteries with enormous capacities. However, during electrochemical cycling, the deposited metal frequently forms dendrites that can penetrate battery separators, leading to severe safety issues in liquid electrolyte systems. Likewise, in solid-state electrolyte systems, significant issues arise in maintaining adequate interfacial contact between the solid-state electrolyte and the metallic anode during operation. These issues have precluded practical use and are intimately connected to the mechanical behavior of the alkali metals themselves. Still, even the basic mechanical properties of alkali metals remain largely unknown. To this end, this thesis presents a systematic experimental study of the mechanical properties of lithium and sodium metal over multiple length and time scales. Implications of these measurements are discussed in the context of battery science and technology.