Chlorhexidine: An Investigation of the Gold Standard on Wound Healing Healing

Abstract

Chlorhexidine (CHX), the “gold standard” adjective aid in dentistry, has been used for over 60 years during and after various procedures. The purpose of this research is to investigate the full effects of CHX by reviewing classic and current research in order to update and educate dental providers and help them make an informed decision regarding its use. Research indicates that at the clinical concentration of 0.12% chlorhexidine is beneficial for biofilm and gingivitis prevention, however research suggests that if the periodontal ligament is altered, chlorhexidine may prolong wound healing by inhibiting fibroblasts, as well as other regenerative cells. This may interfere with the post-treatment goal of tissue healing and regeneration and potentially cause more harm than good. We have explored alternatives to chlorhexidine including: essential oils, delmopinol, and boric acid, and although these prospective alternatives look promising, further research is needed to investigate all of the benefits and limitations. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal statistical significance of regenerative cell inhibition, however human clinical trials are necessary to determine the full clinical significance of chlorhexidine on wound healing. It is important for dental professionals to maintain a healthy level of skepticism regarding traditional therapies and encourage continual research to provide optimal and ethical patient treatment.