Essays in Applied Microeconomics

Abstract

In an era of increasing data availability, it is possible to better understand the world around us and improve policy with empirical evidence. The difficulty is in distinguishing causal effects from other confounding factors in quantitative analysis. The purpose of each of the following essays is to uncover causal effects using natural-experiments and various methodologies along with detailed administrative data. The first essay studies the extent to which investments in physical education during middle school can improve student health and achievement. The second essay examines ways in which jurors may be systematically biased, specifically focusing on the interaction between the gender of the defendant and the jury composition. The final essay studies how individuals respond to improved job opportunities with respect to their criminal behavior. Collectively these studies contribute to discussions on health, education, the criminal justice system, discrimination, stimulus programs, and hydraulic fracturing.