Integration of Total Daily Protein Intake and Timing of Protein Supplementation on Muscle Anabolism during Simulated Elite Athlete Training in Fit Young Males
Abstract
A great deal of variation exists in recommendations of total daily protein intake
and timing of supplementation for athletes. The most widely accepted recommendations
promote protein intakes for strength and power athletes of 1.6-1.8 grams/kg/day and
post-exercise protein supplementation. To our knowledge, no studies have investigated
an interaction between supplementation timing and total daily needs in athletic
populations. In an effort to determine optimal protein intake and supplementation
strategies for athletic populations in a stable training phase, a double blind randomized
controlled trial was conducted on 46 young, trained males (21.8±3.1 yr, 182.2±6.2 cm,
83.5±13.6 kg). Subjects underwent a two-week familiarization period followed by the
two-week intervention period, both consisting of concurrent sprint interval and
resistance exercise with nutritional interventions of low (LO = 1.3 g/kg total mass/day,
1.9 g/kg lean mass/day) and high (HI = 2.2 g/kg total mass/day, 2.7 g/kg lean mass/day)
daily protein intake and whey protein supplementation either immediately (IPE) or three
hours delayed (DPE) post-exercise. An age and activity matched control group (CON)
completed food and activity logs but continued their normal diet (1.6 g/kg total
mass/day, 2.1 g/kg lean mass/day) and exercise regimens and did not perform exercise
on the experimental day. Tests of body composition, power, and strength were
conducted before and after the intervention period. Cumulative muscle protein synthesis
(C-MPS) was determined using deuterium stable isotope labeling (70%²H₂O, 3ml/kg) to
measure myofibrillar fractional synthetic rates (myoFSR) during the 24-hour post
exercise window.
A two-way ANOVA (total protein x timing) showed no difference in myoFSR
among groups. No differences in total body %fat or lean mass were found, but changes
in thigh %fat (p=0.002), total thigh fat mass (p<0.001), and thigh cross section fat mass
(p=0.049) were significantly greater in LO/DPE compared to CON. Knee extension
one-repetition-maximum was significantly greater at follow-up in LO/DPE compared to
CON (p=0.006) and change in knee extension 1RM was greater in HI/DPE compared to
CON (p=0.006). Thus, trained individuals undergoing simulated elite athlete training
exhibited no significant differences in muscle protein synthesis, lean mass accretion, or
performance measures regardless of total daily protein intake or supplementation timing
strategy.
Subject
sport nutritionapplied nutrition
protein synthesis
muscle protein synthesis
deuterium
deuterium oxide
concurrent training
muscle anabolism
protein supplementation
lean body mass
protein requirements
strength and power athletes
athlete nutrition
Citation
Simmons, Erin Elizabeth (2018). Integration of Total Daily Protein Intake and Timing of Protein Supplementation on Muscle Anabolism during Simulated Elite Athlete Training in Fit Young Males. Doctoral dissertation, Texas A & M University. Available electronically from https : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /174395.
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