Abstract
Demand and duty factors have been measured for selected equipment (air compressors, electric furnaces, injection molding machines, centrifugal loads, and others) in industrial plants. Demand factors for heavily loaded air compressors were near 100%, for lightly loaded centrifugal loads were near 10%, and for injection molding machines were near 50%. Duty factors for some equipment may routinely be greater than 100%. Ammeter readings of current (uncorrected for power factor) used to determine demand factors may lead to large errors in demand factors. Errors in individual demand and duty factors may lead to significant errors when dividing the energy use of a plant into sectors.
Dooley, E. S.; Heffington, W. M. (1998). Industrial Equipment Demand and Duty Factors. Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu). Available electronically from
https : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /91163.