| dc.description.abstract | he energy for sustaining life is released through the oxidation of glucose, fats, and proteins. A part of the energy released within each cell is stored as chemical energy of Adenosine Tri- Phosphate molecules, which is called work currency of the body, while the remainder is released as heat. Earlier literature introduced availability concepts from thermodynamics, related the specific irreversibility and entropy generation rate to metabolic efficiency, and energy release rate of each organ, and computed whole body specific entropy generation rate at any given age as a sum of entropy generation within four vital organs; Brain, Heart, Kidney, Liver and the rest of organs. The current work includes the effects of i) two additional organs: adipose tissue and skeletal muscles, for application to athletes, ii) proportions of nutrients oxidized which affects blood temperature and metabolic efficiencies, iii) converts the entropy stress from organ/cellular level to mitochondrial level, and iv) relates these parameters as biomarkers in biological aging process.
Based on 7 organ model, considering a male of 84 kg steady mass, the lifetime energy expenditure is estimated to be 2726.46 MJ/kg body mass, with contributions of 86.4, 825.8, 274.8, 131.4, 316.4, 661.1, 430.4 MJ to each unit body mass by Adipose Tissue, Brain, Heart, Kidney, Liver, Rest of Mass, Skeletal Muscle, while lifetime entropy generated 6051 kJ/(K kg body mass) with contributions of 191.7, 1832.7, 610, 291.7, 702.3, 1467.2, 955.2 kJ/K to each unit body mass. Based on mitochondrial volume and 5 organ model, the lifetime energy expenditure is estimated to be 15529.6 MJ/ cm3 of mitochondrial volume of whole body, with contributions of 8250, 2435, 3040, 1805, 1.9E-05 MJ to each unit volume of mitochondria in organs, serving as biomarkers in the biological aging process of organs, while lifetime entropy generated is 34465 kJ/(K cm^3 of mitochondrial volume) with contributions of 18310, 5400, 6740, 4010.5, 4.3E-05 kJ/K respectively to each unit of mitochondrial volume. The organ entropy stress ranking based on unit volume of mitochondria within an organ {kJ/ (K cm^3 of mito of organ k) show brain being highest and liver lowest. | en |
