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Methods of biomass pretreatment
(United States. Patent and Trademark Office, 1999-02-02)
The invention is directed to methods for the pretreatment of a lignocellulose-containing biomass. Pretreatment comprises the addition of calcium hydroxide and water to the biomass to form a mixture, and subjecting the ...
Thermal conversion of volatile fatty acid salts to ketones
(United States. Patent and Trademark Office, 1999-10-19)
This invention provides a method for thermally converting volatile fatty acid (VFA) salts to ketones by mixing dry calcium salts of VFAs with hot heat transfer agent in an evacuated container, thereby causing thermal ...
Calcium hydroxide pretreatment of biomass
(United States. Patent and Trademark Office, 1997-12-02)
Lignocellulose-containing materials are treated with lime (calcium hydroxide) and water at a relatively high temperature and for a certain period of time under certain conditions. The process variables were: lime loading ...
Recovery of fermentation salts from dilute aqueous solutions
(United States. Patent and Trademark Office, 1999-11-16)
Dilute solutions of fermentation sales may be concentrated by extracting water using low-miscibility, low-molecular-weight secondary and tertiary amines, e.g. triethylamine (TEA), diisopropyl amine (DIA), N,N-diethylmethylamine ...
Method and apparatus for vapor compression refrigeration and air conditioning using liquid recycle
(United States. Patent and Trademark Office, 1992-03-24)
A high efficiency evaporative intercooler/compressor assembly in which compressed refrigerant vapors are desuperheated by the introduction of a selected liquid refrigerant is disclosed. Additionally, the present invention ...