Abstract
An amount of energy equivalent to 800,000 bpd of crude oil is consumed in distillation processes in the petrochemical and petroleum refining industries in the United States. This paper reviews separation processes, including (1) distillation, (2) adsorption, (3) liquid-liquid and supercritical extraction, and (4) membrane processes. Conclusions are drawn on the merits of each type of separation process.
Humphrey, J. L.; Fair, J. R. (1983). A State-Of-The-Art Review of Low Energy Separation Processes. Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu); Texas A&M University (http://www.tamu.edu). Available electronically from
https : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /94524.