Bio-Climatic Analysis and Thermal Performance of Upper Egypt A Case Study Kharga Region

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Date

2012

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Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Publisher

Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu)
Texas A&M University (http://www.tamu.edu)

Abstract

As a result of the change and development of Egyptian society, Egyptian government has focused its attention of comprehensive development to various directions. One of these attentions is housing, construction and land reclamation in desert and Upper Egypt. In the recent century the most attentions of the government is the creation of new wadi parallel to Nile wadi in the west desert. Kharga Oasis is 25 degrees 26'56?North latitude and 30 degrees 32'24?East longitude. This oasis, is the largest of the oases in the westren desert of Egypt. It required the capital of the new wadi (Al Wadi Al Gadeed Government). The climate of this oasis is caricaturized by; aridity, high summer daytime temperature, large diurnal temperature variation, low relative humidity and high solar radiation. In such conditions, man losses his ability to work and to contribute effectively in the development planning due to the high thermal stress affected on him. In designing and planning in this region, it is necessary not only to understand the needs of the people but to create an indoor environment which is suitable for healthy, pleasant, and comfortable to live and work in it. So, efforts have been motivated towards the development of new concepts for building design and urban planning to moderate the rate, direction and magnitudes of heat flow. Also, reduce or if possible eliminate the energy expenditure for environmental control. In order to achieve this, attention has to be focused on building design to improve its thermal performance, which is a function of building form, orientation, location, and materials used and produce comfortable environmental conditions without increasing of energy consumed. This can be valid in three stage, the first one by using the bio-climatic analysis, the 2nd one by the handle and simplified calculation methods (Uvalue, Thermal time constant, and Degree day), and the 3rd one is by the simulation method. The admittance procedure is a technique for estimating cooling/heating load and temperature changes under cyclic conditions by using the thermal characteristics (Y-value, lambda, phi, Sf) of the building structure. It dependent on determining the daily means value and the swing about the mean. The admittance method is used and a computer program is developed to predict the heating and cooling load as well as the environmental air temperature by the author. This study deals with the bio-climatic analysis and thermal performance of building in Kharga Oasis. The results show that, the air catcher, court and Passive cooling systems (evaporative cooling), maintained the indoor climate in the thermal human comfort zone during the hottest period under the effect of climatic conditions of Kharga. Also shading devices, and suitable orientation achieve a harmony building with environment. Using insulating materials in exposed walls and roof save energy by about 60%. The Thermal insulation thicknesses between 0.03-0.05m for exposed walls and 0.05m for exposed roofs are suitable to valid the required thermal resistance in Kharga Oasis according to the Egyptian Residential Buildings Energy Code, ECP 306-2005.

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Keywords

Admittance, Building envelope, Cooling and heating load, Kharga Oasis, Thermal performance

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