The biology of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Beauvois), and its nature of damage and control on cotton
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1969
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Abstract
Rate of development of the tarnished plant bug, Lyqus lineolaris (Beauvois), in the laboratory was found to be influenced by temperature. Duration of the incubation period ranged from an average of 5.2 days in 32 C to 17.5 days in 16 C. Duration of the nymphal developmental period was 34.2 days in 16 C, 19.9 days in 21 C, 13.8 days in 27 C, and 12.4 days in 32 C. Nymphs did not complete development through the second instar when held in 11 C, although some individuals lived as long as 25 days. The preoviposition period ranged from 6.8 days in 32 C to 11.5 days in 21 C. No oviposition occurred among females which were reared and held at 16 C, although all females in this temperature had 12 to 20 mature eggs in their ovaries when dissected after 28 days. Females oviposited more eggs and lived longer when held in 21 C than when held in 27 C; however, the average daily ovipositional rate was higher in 27 C, than in 21 C. Fecundity and longevity in 32 C was less than in 27 C. Females lived longer than males in all temperatures tested. The duration of the nymphal developmental period was found to be slightly longer on cotton than green bean pods. Also, fewer nymphs completed development and females deposited fewer eggs on cotton than beans. Diapause was induced in the adult stage by exposure of the nymphs to photoperiods having 12.5 hr of light or less, per 24 hr cycle. Diapause was terminated by exposure of diapausing adults to photoperiods having 13.5 hr or more of light. Adults may remain in diapause for as long as 80 days in the diapause-inducing photoperiod. Diapause was broken and reproduction initiated in 12 days by exposing the adults to the photoperiods having 13.5 hr of light or more. Reproduction and longevity of adult bugs which experienced diapause was similar to non-diapause adults. ...
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Major entomology