Effects of Dietary Magnesium Status on Indices of Muscular Dysfunction in Exercising Horses

Abstract

Throughout the performance horse industry, the occurance of various muscle disorders is common and can be detrimental to the performance and longevity of equine athletes. Research has revealed effects of diet manipulation, exercise, and electrolyte supplementation on the symptoms and occurrence of disorders like exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER). However, there has been no investigation on effects of Mg on muscle function in horses during exercise. Six Quarter Horse mares were used to study the effects of varying levels of Mg on indices of muscular dysfunction during a standardized exercise test (SET) on a highspeed treadmill. Three rations were used over three 28 d periods: control (Trt 1), low Mg (Trt 2), and high Mg (Trt 3). A baseline SET was conducted prior to day 0 (Trt 0). Blood samples were taken during the SET at rest, immediately post, 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h post exercise for analyses of serum muscle enzymes and Mg concentrations. Heart rates (HR), respiration rates (RR), and rectal temperatures (RT) also were documented. No effect of Trt was observed on HR or RR at any point throughout the SET. Resting RT?s were lowest in Trt 0 (P<0.05). There was no Trt effect on blood lactate (LA) during the SET; however, blood glucose (GLU) at rest in Trt 2 was lower than Trt 0 (P<0.05). Treatment had an effect on both resting serum creatine phosphokinase (CK), as Trt 3 was higher than Trt 0, and the change in CK from rest to 24 h post SET, where Trt 1 exhibited the greatest increase in CK concentration (P<0.05). Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were not affected by Trt (P>0.05). Serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) at rest and 6 h post exercise was lower in Trt 2 than in Trt 3 (P<0.05). Additionally, serum P was lowest at rest in Trt 0 and highest 6 h post exercise in Trt 3, also varying within each Trt. Average daily intake (ADI) of Mg was higher in Trt 1 and 3 than in Trt 2 (P<0.05). Finally, at rest, immediately post and 24 h post exercise, serum Mg was highest in Trt 3 (P<0.05). Results suggest there is an effect of dietary Mg on serum muscle enzyme and Mg concentrations and potentially, overall performance in the equine athlete.