The principles of risk, danger, and sociability depend on cognitive limitations and the social work environment. Subjects are linked in binaries or multiples where they can establish causal relationships or influences that ...

Asset Integrity (also referred to as Mechanical Integrity) findings remain on top of OSHA’s citation list during PSM inspections. Violations most frequently found include failure to address equipment deficiencies, lack of ...

High-performance computing has changed the world on its head with capabilities of image processing and artificial intelligence. The world of Energy and chemical has also changed with the adoption of these highly complex ...

After an incident investigation we gather the facts, assign causes and compile a set of lessons that should, if learned well, prevent a similar incident from occurring. If the company has a good process safety management ...

The capital investment in tank storage is a critical component of most energy companies’ business model. Decisions managing these assets are driven by the organization’s overall performance objectives, business policies, ...

Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) is a risk reduction evaluation methodology well suited to consider hazard scenarios with multiple initiating events. The presence of multiple initiators increases the likelihood that a ...

The Process Industry has an established practice of crediting IPLs (Independent Protection Layers) to meet risk reduction targets as part of LOPA (Layer of Protection Analysis) studies. Often the risk targets are calculated ...

Traditional process hazard analysis (PHA), such as Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) studies, typically includes a systematic assessment of initiating events and consequences affecting process facilities. Relationships among ...

The challenge to glean understanding and insight from an array of historical safety-related reports and observations has existed since the dawn of the HSE discipline. While most organizations today use traditional methods ...

Change is constant in processing facilities such as refineries and petrochemical plants. The drivers for change may vary from investment decisions, operational productivity initiatives, regulatory and compliance requirements, ...