Implementing Shape Memory Polymers in Interactive 4D Kirigami Structures
Abstract
The aim of this thesis is to explore the relative efficacy of a novel manufacturing process (called 4D kirigami) for creating foldable and deployable components out of thermally responsive multifunctional shape memory polymers (SMPs) sheets. This work focuses on thermally responsive SMPs that switch states at a glass transition temperature, Tg, with incorporated thermochromic and photochromic powders that change color in response to stimuli.
The work studies the efficacy of laser-cutting and CNC-machining for the creation of groove patterns in SMP sheets for folding. We found that the CNC-machining caused less damage in the heat affected zone immediately surrounding the folds. Using a heated tip atomic force microscope, we also found that laser-cutting the material caused a decrease in Tg. The work outlines parameters such as springback angle, recovery angle which informs the creation of advanced kirigami structures. Two prototypes were created using advanced kirigami by CNC milling a bi-layer SMP: an origami cube and pyramid.
We also investigate the creation of tangible interactive structures (using the 4D kirigami on SMP sheets described above) for learning and Do it yourself (DIY) assistive technology (AT) for aesthetics as well as for functionality. Two interactive artworks were created, as a teaching tool, to reveal the intricacies associated with natural phenomena. One artwork demonstrates the natural cycles of a flower unfolding. Another artwork demonstrates the stretching of a chromatophore through an auxetic SMP.
The work builds on tangible interactive design, by creating DIY AT. The work presents an orthotic prototype for stroke patients with hypertonia using SMP with thermochromic powder. The powder gives visual feedback as to the state change of the material allowing stroke patients to adjust their device on their own. The work looks at how a child could create DIY AT and outlines how crafting techniques were used to aid children in thinking through complex 2D to 3D design. Also, how children feel empowered by the process of designing DIY AT.
Subject
shape memory polymerssmart materials
participatory design
user-centered design
activity centered design
e-textiles
interactive design
participatory making
assistive technology
crafting
creativity
machining
kirigami structures
Citation
Reese, Jessica Berry (2021). Implementing Shape Memory Polymers in Interactive 4D Kirigami Structures. Doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University. Available electronically from https : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /195410.