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    Americans in Panama: A Century of Occupation and Invasion

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    VILLAR-THESIS-2017.pdf (765.4Kb)
    Date
    2017-07-28
    Author
    Villar, David
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Most scholarly works on Operation Just Cause, the code name for the 1989 invasion of Panama by the United States, have focused on the capture of General Manuel Noriega. This focus ignores the complexity of U.S.-Panamanian relations and the long history of American citizens in Panama, however, and reinforces a puppet narrative. This thesis argues instead that the primary motive for Operation Just Cause was to protect the 35,500 American citizens at risk in Panama. By discounting this population, previous works offer limited insights into the invasion. Fully accounting for this large and vulnerable population makes clear that the use of military force represented a prudent response to a very real threat. The removal of Noriega was merely the means to an end: the protection of American citizens. Political, diplomatic, and economic pressure did not convince Noriega, who was never a “puppet,” to step down. In fact, they worsened the situation for Americans and compelled the Bush Administration to use the only remaining option: military force.
    URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/166055
    Subject
    Operation Just Cause
    US-Panamanian Relations
    Panama Canal Zone
    Direct Military Interventions
    Manuel Noriega
    George Bush
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    • Electronic Theses, Dissertations, and Records of Study (2002– )
    Citation
    Villar, David (2017). Americans in Panama: A Century of Occupation and Invasion. Master's thesis, Texas A & M University. Available electronically from https : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /166055.

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