Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection
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This photo collection represents an effort to document pollen predation in cordaitean cones by arthropods in Coal balls from the Williamson No. 3 Mine in Lucas County, Iowa. The collection features cones at different stages of sexual maturity (immature and mature). Two types of coprolites were been identified in cordiatean cones; brown coprolites composed of partially digested vegetative organs and golden coprolites composed of digested pollen grains (Florinites). These mounted peels were made by the late William C. Darrah and his students and are on loan from the Harvard Paleobotanical Herbarium.
The images in this collection were used in the research for a master's thesis in the Department of Geology and Geophysics by Scott Lakeram, "Arthropod Predation of Cordaitean Pollen Cones in Pennsylvanian Coal Balls," submitted in August 2020. To view information about the thesis, go to the following link: https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/192613.
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Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 69B(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone A (picture 1) and B (picture 3) are mature cordaitean cones, 20 golden coprolites composed of macerated pollen grains of Florinites were identified in cone A (picture 2).Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 69A(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone A (picture 1) and B (picture 2) are mature cordaitean cones, 10 golden coprolites composed of macerated pollen grains of Florinites were identified in cone B (picture 3).Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 68B(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, basal section (picture 1); cone B, basal section (picture 2); cone C, basal section (picture 3). Plate 68B is a successive peel taken from the same coal ball as 68A.Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 68A(2019) Lakeram, ScottCones A (picture 1) and cone B (picture 2) are taphonomically degraded.Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 67C(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, basal section (picture 1); cone B, taphonomically degraded (picture 2). Plate 67C is a successive peel taken from the same coal ball as other plates labeled 67.Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 67B(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, basal section (picture 1); cone B, mature (picture 2). Plate 67B is a successive peel taken from the same coal ball as other plates labeled 67.Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 67A(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, mature (picture 1); cone B, basal section (picture 2). A large pollen accumilation (picture 3) of Florintes is at the tip of cone A. Plate 67A is a successive peel taken from the same coal ball as other plates labeled 67.Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 66(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, basal section (picture 1, top); cone B, taphonomically degraded (picture 1, right); cone C, basal section (picture 1, left). A single golden coprolite was identified in cone C (picture 2).Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 65(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, mature (picture 1); cone B, basal section (picture 2, middle); cone C, immature (picture 3, left); cone D, basal section (picture 3, middle). Cone A contained 2 golden coprolites within its cone scales (picture 4).Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 64(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, mature (picture 1); cone B, immature (picture 2); cone C, mature (picture 3).Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 08A(2019) Lakeram, ScottA string of 3 golden coprolites composed of mascerated Florinites near cone A (picture 1 and 3), both cone A (picture 2) and cone B (picture 4) are mature. A pollen mass can be found in the matrix above the coprolite string (picture 3).Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 63(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, basal section (picture 1); cone B, basal section (picture 2); cone C, taphonomically degraded (picture 3); cone D, basal section (picture 4, top), cone E, taphonomically degraded (picture 5, bottom).Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 62(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, immature (picture 1, top left); cone B, basal section (picture 2, bottom left); cone C, taphonomically degraded (picture, right). A large oblong coprolite (> 1 mm) in the matrix composed of macerated Florinties pollen grains was possibly produced by an insect (pictures 2 and 3).Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 61(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, mature (picture 1); cone B, basal section (picture 2). Cone A contained 7 golden coprolites within its cone scales (picture 3).Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 60A(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, immature (picture 1); cone B, mature (picture 2); cone C, mature (picture 3, top); cone D, mature (picture 3, bottom). Picture 4 depicts pollen grains of Florinites with ruptured trilete marks. 3 golden coprolites were identified in the cone B. A large golden coprolite (> 300) possibly from an insect was found in the matrix (picture 5). Plate 60A is a successive peel taken from the same coal ball as other plates labeled 60.Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 60B(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, taphonomically degraded (picture 1); cone B, mature (picture 2, top); cone C, mature (picture 2, bottom). 3 golden coprolites were identified in the cone B. Plate 60B is a successive peel taken from the same coal ball as other plates labeled 60.Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 59B(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, basal section (picture 1); cone B, mature (picture 2); cone C, basal section (picture 3); cone D, mature (picture 4), cone E, taphonomically degraded (picture 5), cone F, taphonomically degraded (picture 6), cone G, taphonomically degraded (picture 7). Plate 59B is a successive peel taken from the same coal ball as other plates labeled 59.Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 59A(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, basal section (picture 1); cone B, basal section (picture 2); cone C, basal section (picture 3); cone D, immature (picture 4), cone E, taphonomically degraded (picture 5). Plate 59A is a successive peel taken from the same coal ball as other plates labeled 59.Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 58D(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, taphonomically degraded (picture 1); cone B, mature (picture 2); cone C, mature (picture 3, left); cone D, mature (picture 3, right), cone E, taphonomically degraded (picture 4, top), cone F, taphonomically degraded (picture 4, bottom), cone G, basal section (picture 5). Plate 58D is a successive peel taken from the same coal ball as other plates labeled 58.Item Cordaitean Predation Photos 2019: Mounted Peels, Harvard Collection. Plate 58C(2019) Lakeram, ScottCone maturity is as follows- cone A, taphonomically degraded (picture 1); cone B, mature (picture 2); cone C, mature (picture 3, left); cone D, mature (picture 3, right), cone E, taphonomically degraded (picture 4, top), cone F, taphonomically degraded (picture 4, bottom), cone G, basal section (picture 5). Plate 58C is a successive peel taken from the same coal ball as other plates labeled 58.