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Browsing PERC Publications by Subject "HealthCare"
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Item Does Race Matter for Police Use of Force? Evidence from 911 Calls(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2020-04-30) Hoekstra, Mark; Sloan, CarlyWillWhat role does race have in cases of police use of force? This issue of PERCspectives on Research summarizes the paper by Rex B. Grey Professor Mark Hoekstra and Graduate Student Fellow CarlyWill Sloan, which examines how the race of officers and the race of civilians affect police use of force by using a location-by-time �xed effects approach to randomize the race of officers dispatched to over two million 911 calls in two cities. Results show white officers use force 60 percent more on average than black officers, and use gun force twice as often. Findings also show that while white and black officers use gun force at similar rates in white and racially mixed neighborhoods, white officers are �ve times as likely to use gun force in predominantly black neighborhoods. Similarly, white officers increase use of any force much more than minority officers when dispatched to more minority neighborhoodsItem Does Strategic Ability Affect Efficiency?(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2017-05-01) Puller, Steven; Luco, Fernando; Hortacsu, Ali; Zhu, DongniEven within the same market, firms vary across a number of dimensions:structure, production capacity, market experience, and general core competency. If you go as far as to observe individual managers, you will find resumes with differing academic training and experience. It is easy to imagine how these differing backgrounds play a role in strategic decision making. In this study, the authors ask whether strategic ability affects efficiency.Item Dropouts Need Not Apply? The Minimum Wage and Skill Upgrading(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2021-09-21) Meer, Jonathan; Kahn, Lisa; Clemens, JeffreyIn the United States, politicians and the public alike have again sounded the call to raise the federal minimum wage, citing unlivable earnings and high consumer prices due to rising inflation, but would an increase actually benefit lower-skilled workers? In this summary of the working paper by Jonathan Meer, the Mary Julia and George R. Jordan, Jr. Professor of Public Policy, along with coauthors Lisa Kahn and Jeffrey Clemens, the authors explore whether minimum wage increases result in substitutions from lower-skilled to higher-skilled labor.Item Effects of Mandatory Energy Efficiency Disclosure in Housing Markets(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2020-02-25) Puller, Steven; Myers, Erica; West, JeremyPolicymakers are increasingly using mandated information disclosures as a way to increase market efficiency by providing information on quality to buyers. In the housing market in Austin, Texas, home sellers are required to perform a standardized energy audit and provide home efficiency information to prospective buyers. In working paper 1916, Steven Puller, PERC’s Professor of Free Enterprise, along with coauthors Erica Myers and Jeremy West investigate whether the audit and disclosure policies mandated by the City of Austin have the intended effect of improving the energy efficiency quality of homes. To read a summary of this working paper in the Winter 2020 issue of PERCspectives on Research, click on View or Download below.Item Fear the Machine?(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2018-07-11) Jansen, Dennis W.; Bradley, Michael D.How do the technological changes caused by increased automation and A.I. affect workers’ wages and jobs? This article summarizes PERC working paper 1801, PERC’s Director Dennis W. Jansen and co-author Michael D. Bradley study the effects of automation and artificial intelligence on employment and labor income over multiple gen-erations.Item Generosity Across the Income and Wealth Distributions(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2020-10-01) Meer, Jonathan; Priday, Benjamin A.Discussing how the rich spend their income is a topic of popular interest among the public and policymakers, yet little evidence exists that the wealthy are less likely to donate than other income groups, and the results of those studies that do are dubious due to questionable methodology and use of data. This issue of PERCspectives on Research summarizes working paper 2007, where Jonathan Meer, along with co-author Benjamin A. Priday, estimate the relationship between pre-tax income, wealth, and charitable giving to definitely answer whether the wealthy embody the stingy stereotype or are due more credit for their generosity.Item Has the Information Channel of Monetary Policy Disappeared? Revisiting the Empirical Evidence(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2020-04-30) Sekhposyan, Tatevik; Hoesch, Luka; Rossi, BarbaraDoes the Federal Reserve have an “information advantage� in forecasting macroeconomic variables beyond what is known to private sector forecasters? And are market participants reacting only to monetary policy shocks or also to future information on the state of the economy that the Federal Reserve communicates in its announcements via an“information channel?� This issue of PERCspectives on Research discusses the paper by PERC Professor Tatevik Sekhposyan, Lucas Hoesch, and Barbara Rossi, which investigates the evolution of the information channel over time. Although the information channel appears to be important historically, we find no empirical evidenceof its presence in the recent years once instabilities are accounted for.Item Household Debt and the Effect of Fiscal Policy(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2022-02-08) Zubairy, Sarah; Alpanda, Sami; Song, HyunjiSince the Great Recession, policymakers have increasingly relied on fiscal policy to stabilize and stimulate the economy. This Winter 2022 issue of PERCspectives on Research summarizes a paper by PERC’s Shirley A. Lynch Fellow Sarah Zubairy, along with co-authors Sami Alpanda and Hyunji Song, that investigates how the effects of government spending policy shocks depend on the balance sheet position of households by examining spending by householdsthat rent, hold a mortgage, or own their homes.Item Household Debt Overhang and Transmission of Monetary Policy(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2018-10-09) Zubairy, Sarah; Alpanda, SamiDuring past recessions like the Great Recession, policy makers sought to boost the economy through fiscal and monetary policy changes. Taking into account the economy’s slow recovery, how effective were the monetary policy changes? This article summarizes working paper 1806, where PERC professor Sarah Zubairy and coauthor Sami Alpanda investigate whether the prevailing level of household debt can lower the effectiveness of the transmission of monetary policy.Item How Do Peers Influence BMI?(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2017-10-01) Meer, Jonathan; Lim, JaegeumChildhood obesity is a growing public health concern among many industrialized countries. Authors Meer and Lim present a clear view on the effect of social networks on BMI for adolescents from randomly-assigned seventh grade classrooms in Korea.Item Illegal Immigration, State Law, and Deterrence(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2016-09-01) Hoekstra, Mark; Orozco-Aleman, SandraCan state and federal policies deter undocumented workers from entering the U.S.? In Working Paper 1604, PERC's Rex Grey Professor Mark Hoekstra, and Sandra Orozco-Aleman, address this timely and critical immigration policy question. Focusing on Arizona SB 1070, arguably the most restrictive and controversial immigration bill ever passed by a state, the authors examine whether the law deterred unauthorized entry into Arizona. They find the passage and announcement of SB 1070 significantly reduced the flow of undocumented workers into Arizona (relative to other states) from Mexico, suggesting that undocumented workers are responsive to changes in state immigration policy.Item Impact of China's Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance on Heath Care Expenditures and Health Outcomes(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2015-05-01) Gan, Li; Huang, FenItem Inter-Jurisdiction Migration and the Fiscal Policies of Local Governments(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2019-06-28) Jansen, Dennis W.; Liu, Liqun; Dai, DarongThe relationship between migration and the economy is of great interest to researchers, especially where migration and local government fiscal policy intersect. In order to attract immigrants or retain current residents, how do local governments choose to spend, and how do they choose to finance their spending? This article summarizes PERC working paper 1901, where Dennis W. Jansen, PERC’s director, and PERC Research Scientist Liqun Liu, along with co-author Darong Dai analyze the effects of non-tax/debt-driven migration on the fiscal policies of local governments using a two-period model of two identical local governments that are connected by mutual migration.Item Is Social Security Wealth?(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2016-05-01) Rettenmaier, Andrew J.Rising income inequality in recent years has been linked to a rise in wealth inequality. However, in many studies, anticipated retirement benefits such as Social Security are often not included in wealth calculations. In PERC Working Paper #1602, Andrew Rettenmaier, Executive Associate Director at PERC, estimates how the inclusion of accrued Social Security benefits affects the distribution of wealth. Findings indicate that the accrued benefits are much more equally distributed than are the conventional wealth measures that exclude them. For example, the top 10% of individuals held 70% of potential savings wealth, but this number falls to between 55% and 63% when Social Security is included in a total wealth measure.Item Misdemeanor Prosecution(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2021-05-14) Doleac, Jennifer L.; Agan, Amanda; Harvey, AnnaMisdemeanor crimes make up 80 percent of all crimes in the criminal justice system. Meanwhile, communities across the United States are beginning to reconsider the public safety benefits of prosecuting these low-level crimes. This issue of PERCspectives on Research summarizes the first study of its kind, where PERC Professor Jennifer L. Doleac, along with Amanda Agan and Anna Harvey, report the effects of nonviolent misdemeanor prosecution on defendants’ subsequent criminal justice involvement by studying leniency in Assistant District Attorney decisions.Item Monetary Policy Uncertainty: A Tale of Two Tails(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2019-02-05) Sekhposyan, Tatevik; Dahlhaus, TatjanaOver the past two decades, expectations about the future of monetary policy has become a useful agent used by households and firms as they make spending and investment decisions. As central banks worldwide recognize the role of these expectations, there has been a push to set specific macroeconomic targets and transparently communicate future actions to achieve those targets. In PERC working paper 1808, PERC Fellow Tatevik Sekhposyan and coauthor Tatjana Dahlhaus study the link between monetary policy uncertainty and interest rate predictability, as well as the effects of the uncertainty on the larger economy.Item Peer Quality and Benefits to Attending Better Schools(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2017-05-01) Hoekstra, Mark; Wang, Yaojing; Mounganie, PierreDespite strong demand for attending high schools with better peers, there is mixed evidence on whether doing so improves academic outcomes. The authors estimate the cognitive returns to high school quality using administrative data on a high-stakes college entrance exam in China.Item Persistent Effects of Teacher-Student Gender Matches(Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University, 2018-01-18) Meer, Jonathan; Lim, JaegeumThe absence of same gender role models in STEM fields has been shown to discourage female student participation in STEM fields of study. In PERC Working Paper 1706, Persistent Effects of Teacher-Student Gender Matches, PERC professor Jonathan Meer and co-author Jaegeum Lim study the long term effects of teacher-student gender matches at the secondary school level.