Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Small-Scale Irrigation
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Item Modeling Blue and Green Water Availability in Africa(Water Resources Research, 2008) Schuol, Jurgen; Abbaspour, Karim C.; Yang, Hong; Srinivasan, Raghavan; Zehnder, Alexander J.B.Item Review Paper on ‘Garden Kits’ in Africa: Lessons Learned and the Potential of Improved Water Management(IWMI, 2014) Merry, Douglas J.; Langan, Simon; USAID; Feed the Future; The Borlaug Institute; Texas A&M AgriLife Research; Texas A&M University System; North Carolina A&T State University; IFPRI; ILRI; CGIARThe purpose of this paper is to synthesize the available knowledge and lessons learned from past experiences in promoting kitchen or home gardens for food production, with a special emphasis on water management. The benefits of home gardens for better family nutrition, health status of children and mothers, and as an entry point for empowering women have been documented in some studies. However, there is very little specific evidence to confirm these benefits. The paper also reviews some of the water management practices and garden technologies used in home and market gardens. It recommends building on current home gardening practices, starting with diagnostic appraisals of actual gardening practices, and moving on to participatory action research focused on evaluating promising water management technologies and testing implementation of strategies that empower women.Item Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Small-Scale Irrigation(Feed the Future ILSSI, 2014) USAID; The Borlaug Institute; Texas A&M AgriLife Research; Texas A&M University SystemItem Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Small-Scale Irrigation: Ethiopia - Proceedings documentation(USAID, 2014) Adie, Aberra; Duncan, Alan; Haileslassie, Amare; Worese, Hailesellasie; Sileshi, Ayele; Shapiro, Barry; Hurrissa, Belachew; Iyob, Biniam; Jones, Charles Allen; Negassa, Asfaw; Mekonen, Kindu; Thorne, Peter; Seifu, Admassu; Desta, Solomon; Mengistu, Solomon; Alemu, Ermias; Namubiru, Eveega; Lebedi, Fethia; G/Tsadik, Fikru Haile; Gebregziabher, Gebrehaweria; Bonger, Gebru; Gebru, Getachew; Legesse, Getachew; Getahun, H.E. Ato Sileshi; Bizmana, Jean-Claude; Reyes, Mannuel; Tessema, Masresha; Ayele, Kebede; Assefa, Tadesse; Lefore, Nicole; Immaculate, Omondi; Riddell, Phil; Bekele, Regassa; Dittoh, Saa; Silim, Said Nahdy; Langan, Simon; Teklu, Sisay; Alemseged, Tesfay; Gerik, Tom; Bedeke, Worku; Geleta, Yohannes; Assefa, YosefEthiopia - Proceedings documentationItem Semi-Annual Report: April 30, 2014. Year 1(Feed the Future ILSSI, 2014) USAID; The Borlaug Institute; Texas A&M University System; IFPRI; IWMI; ILPRI; North Carolina A&T State UniversityItem Semi Annual Report April 1 – September 30, 2014(2014) ILSSIFeed the Future Innovation Lab on Small Scale Irrigation in Ethiopia, Tanzania and GhanaItem Opportunities for small scale irrigators - Tanzania(ILSSI, 2014) Clarke, Neville; StellbauerItem Semi-Annual Report April 1, - September 30, 2015(Feed the Future, 2015) ILSSI; USAID; The Borlaug Institute; Texas A&M University System; IFPRI; IWMI; ILPRI; North Carolina A&T State UniversityItem Improving irrigation access to combat food insecurity and undernutrition: A review(Global Food Security, 2015) Domènech, Laia; ElsevierInterventions aimed at increasing water availability for livelihood and domestic activities have great potential to improve various determinants of undernutrition, such as the quantity and diversity of foods consumed within the household, income generation, and women's empowerment. This review analyzes the existing evidence concerning the role of irrigation in improving nutrition and health outcomes. Most of the studies examined showed a positive effect of irrigation interventions on food security. However, existing evidence is still insufficient to draw broad conclusions, largely because nutrition is yet to be considered an explicit objective of irrigation development. Nutrition-sensitive irrigation programs are needed to help realize the full potential of irrigation interventions and avoid adverse impacts on human health and nutrition.Item Semi-Annual Report October 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015(Feed the Future ILSSI, 2015) USAID; The Borlaug Institute; Texas A&M University System; IFPRI; IWMI; ILPRI; North Carolina A&T State UniversityItem Is reliable water access the solution to undernutrition? A review of the potential of irrigation to solve nutrition and gender gaps in Africa South of the Sahara. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1428. Washington DC: IFPRI.(IFPRI, 2015) Domènech, Laia; IFPRIInterventions aimed at increasing water availability for livelihood and domestic activities have great potential to improve various determinants of undernutrition, such as the quantity and diversity of foods consumed within the household, income generation, and women’s empowerment. However, current evidence on the topic is diluted across many different publications. This paper aims to connect the dots and review the literature available on the linkages between irrigation and food security, improved nutrition, and health. We conclude that the evidence remains insufficient to draw broad conclusions due to the low number of rigorous studies that can be used to assess the linkages. Based on the limited evidence, six factors that should be taken into account in irrigation development to address nutrition and gender gaps with a focus on Africa south of the Sahara are identified: (1) food security and nutrition gains should be stated goals of irrigation programs; (2) training programs and awareness campaigns should accompany irrigation interventions to promote nutrient-dense food production and consumption as well as minimization of health risks; (3) multiple uses of irrigation water should be recognized in order to improve access to water supply and sanitation and livestock and aquatic production; (4) women’s empowerment and women’s participation in irrigation programs should be promoted; (5) homestead food production should be encouraged; and (6) policy synergies between different sectors (agriculture, nutrition, health, water supply and sanitation, education) should be sought.Item A socio-hydrological approach for incorporating gender into biophysical models and implications for water resources research(Applied Geography, 2015) Baker, Tracy J.; Cullen, Beth; Debevec, Liza; Abebe, Yenenesh; ElsevierMen and women interact with water resources and landscapes in different ways, and there are frequent criticisms that little research is undertaken across disciplines to address this issue. Biophysical scientists in particular struggle with how to integrate “gendered” water uses into models that are necessarily based on prevailing laws and equations that describe the movement of water through the hydrological cycle, independent of social constructs. We explore the challenges faced in developing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research approaches and then present a simple yet innovative socio-hydrological approach using participatory three-dimensional maps. As a case study, we describe undertaking this process in Ethiopia where two three-dimensional maps (men's and women's) were separately generated to represent the same 20 km2 landscape. Mapping results indicated important distinctions in how men and women view landscapes with regard to the number and types of ecosystem services identified. For example, only women identified holy water sites along streams, while men identified twice as many sacred trees on the landscape. There was a clear focus and detailed knowledge about soils among participants in both groups. Maps developed as part of this exercise were successfully used as the principal land use input for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and results indicate that this is a valid strategy that enhances scientific knowledge and understanding of overall landscapes and ultimately adds value to research for development questions.Item Feed the Future ILSSI – Ethiopia(Feed the Future ILSSI, 2015) ILSSIItem Promoting Gender Equality in Irrigation(ILSSI, 2016) Theis, Sophie; Passarelli, Simone; Bryan, Elizabeth; Lefore, Nicole; Deneke, Seblewongel; Nyamadi, Ben; Mlote, SophiaPromoting Gender Equality in IrrigationItem Introducing a new open source GIS user interface for the SWAT model(Environmental Modelling & Software, 2016) Dile, Yihun T.; Daggupati, Prasad; George, Chris; Srinivasan, Raghavan; Arnold, Jeff; ElsevierThe Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is a robust watershed modeling tool. It typically uses the ArcSWAT interface to create its inputs. ArcSWAT is public domain software which works in the licensed ArcGIS environment. The aim of this paper was to develop an open source user interface for the SWAT model. The interface, QSWAT, is written in the Python programming language and uses various functionalities of the open source geographic information system, QGIS. The current interface performs similar functions to ArcSWAT, but with additional enhanced features such as merging small subbasins and static and dynamic visualization of outputs. The interface is demonstrated through a case study in the Gumera watershed in the Lake Tana basin of Ethiopia, where it showed a successful performance. QSWAT will be a valuable tool for the SWAT scientific community, with improved availability and functionality compared with other options for creating SWAT models.Item IDSS and Commercial Vegetable Home Gardens(Feed the Future, 2016) Reyes, Manny; North Carolina A&T State University; USAID; ILSSIItem Suitability of Watershed Models to Predict Distributed Hydrologic Response in the Awramba Watershed in Lake Tana Basin(Land Degradation & Development, 2016) Moges, Mamaru A.; Schmitter, Petra; Tilahun, Seifu A.; Langan, Simon; Dagnew, Dessalegn C.; Akale, Adugnaw T.; Steenhuis, Tammo S.; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Planning effective landscape interventions is an important tool to fight against land degradation and requires knowledge on spatial distribution of runoff. The objective of this paper was to test models that predict temporal and spatial distribution of runoff. The selected models were parameter‐efficient semi‐distributed watershed model (PED‐WM), Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning integrated hydrological modeling system (HBV‐IHMS), and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). We choose 7‐km2 Awramba watershed in the Lake Tana basin with detailed hydrological information for testing these models. Discharge at the outlet, rainfall, and distributed information on infiltration rates, water table, and extent of the saturated area were collected from 2013 to 2015. The maximum saturated area was 6·5% of the watershed. Infiltration rates exceeded rainfall intensities 91% of the time. Hence, saturation excess runoff was the main runoff mechanism. Models were calibrated for the rainy seasons in 2013 and 2014 and validated for 2015. For daily flow validation, the PED‐WM model (Nash–Sutcliff efficiency, NSE = 0·61) outperformed HBV‐IHMS (NSE = 0·51) and SWAT (NSE = 0·48). Performance on monthly time step was similar. Difference in model behavior depended on runoff mechanism. In PED‐WM, saturation excess is the main direct runoff process and could predict the maximum extent of the saturated area closely at 6·9%. HBV‐IHMS model runoff simulation depended on soil moisture status and evapotranspiration, and hence was able to simulate saturation excess flow but not the extent of the saturated area. SWAT, where infiltration excess is the main runoff mechanism, could only predict the monthly discharges well. This study shows that prevailing runoff mechanisms and distribution of runoff source areas should be used for proper model selection. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Item Promoting Gender Equality in Irrigation(ILSSI, 2016) Theis, Sophie; Passarelli, Simone; Bryan, Elizabeth; Lefore, Nicole; Deneke, Seblewongel; Nyamadi, Ben; Mlote, SophiaItem Innovation Laboratory for Small Scale Irrigation meeting – EAC Ghana(Feed the Future, 2016) USAID; The Borlaug Institute; TAMU AgriLife Research; TAMU System; IFPRI; IWMI; ILRI; North Carolina A&T State University; ILSSIItem FEED THE FUTURE ILSSI – GHANA OVERVIEW OF THE ILSSI PROJECT INTERVENTIONS(Feed the Future ILSSI, 2016) Ayambila, Sylvester; Gandaa, Bizoola; Abujaja, Afishata Mohammed; UDS; USAID; ILSSI