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Item Scholarly Communication In The 21st Century: Trends In Promoting And Evaluating Scientific Research In Texas A&M University At Qatar(2018-09-03) SANTANA, KARINA GALVAOThis dissertation investigates the current scholarly communication process, looking for trends in promoting and evaluating scientific research in Texas A&M University at Qatar (TAMUQ). In addition, this study considers the importance of performance metrics for professional promotion and academic recognition according to TAMUQ’s academics. This study collected data by conducting eight interviews with faculty members dealing with research output and an online survey which obtained 56 responses of researchers and faculty members. The results show that although the majority of academics are accustomed to scholarly communication and faculty promotion, a significant part of them are not aware of important components of these processes. Most academics are active in research and share/publish their research output; however, there is lack of awareness on scholarly communication elements, such as repositories and research measurement. Besides that, the institution does not have policy for faculty promotion and academics request a process review, prioritizing quality over quantity. The study concludes with recommendations to support academics in becoming familiar with the different aspects of scholarly communication and to improve the promotion practices by encouraging some aspects of scholarly metrics.Item The War on Words: Free Speech in Qatar and its Neighboring GCC Countries(2019-08-18) Fattouh, Mohamed; Hatto, Abdul RahmanItem Languages in Qatar(2019-08-18) Al-Sada, Bader; Al-Marri, Saleh; Elmoussa, AbdulrahmanItem Threze(2019-08-18) AlBadr, Badour; Al-Saad, Majed; Arkoub, Mohammed Abou; Diab, YousefItem Improving the Anti-Knocking Properties of Gas To Liquid (GTL) Naptha(2019-08-18) Ahmed, Yusra; Roustazadeh, Laya; Karkoub, Lina; Alhawa, Dima Abu; Al-Abdulla, Bandar; Mohammed, Nasr; Mohamed, Eiman; Choudhury, Hanif; ElBashir, Nimir O.Item Preliminary Survey Summary: Arabic and English Language Use in Qatar(2019-08-18) Yusuf, Fatima; AlMeflehi, Taif; AlSubaiei, NooraItem Laws Relating to Freedom of Expression in Qatar(2019-08-18) Al-Heidous, Rashid; Al-Baker, Faisal; Al-Hemaidi, AbdullaItem TAMU-Q Green Gym(2019-12-15) Al Muhannadi, Noof; Hedous, SaraItem Sulfur Concrete for Paving Roads and Tunnels(2019-12-15) Ahmed, Ahmed; Muneeb, Mohammad; Al-Kaabi, Thanwa; Al-Hajri, AlreemItem Bashrat: A Cream Made With Sulfur That is Beneficial For Medical Uses(2019-12-15) Almeer, Shayma; Omer, Omer; Ahmed, AfnaanItem Inject-S: A System for Delivering Sulfur Fertilizer to Enrich Your Soil(2019-12-15) Mohamed, Nadin; Al-Reyahi, Muneera; AlKaabi, Moza; Elshal, OmarItem Knowledge-Based Development Influences on Fatherhood in Qatar(2019-12-15) Fakhroo, Fatima; Alkhalaf, Dana; Mohammed, EimanItem Not a Chocolate Bar But an Activity: A Vending Machine That Prints Out Productive Activities(2019-12-15) Al-Qahtani, Asmaa; Al-Obaidli, Njoud; Al-Khalifa, Ghada; Al-Sulaiti, MahaItem Photovoltaic Oven With Radiative Cooling System(2019-12-15) Al-Khayarin, Fatima; Al-Romaihi, Hala; Hasna, Muath; Aly, OmarItem Eco-Friendly Plastics: Integrating Sulfur Polymers(2019-12-15) Shaikh, Afsha; Kazeem, Lukman; Mansour, Rana; Alagha, RandItem Inherent Safety and Chlorine in Water Treatment(2020-04-06) Al-Obaidli, Mashael; Anany, Abdalla; Hamad, NatalieChlorine has been used for water treatment purposes for more than one hundred years. The simplicity and effectiveness of using chlorine and its derivatives for water treatment is one of the wonders of modern chemistry: it is cheap, it is safe, and it works. Chlorine has uses on water intake structures, for the removal of aquatic organisms, for pre-filtration, to kill bacteria and for water disinfection. The gas has a greenish-yellowish color and has a molecular weight that is two and a half times larger than that of air. In its gaseous form, chlorine is extremely toxic and dangerous. It also has a very high coefficient of expansion. For this reason, all chlorine containers’ volume must not be filled up past eighty five percent of their capacity. Chlorine gas is fed into the water treatment system under vacuum conditions. Chlorine tanks have an automated system of regulators, feed equipment and vacuum ejectors. Piping connections must be sealed with proper pipe thread compound and compression fittings must be sealed with a new lead washer. Also, chlorine gas scrubbers should be installed in any facility that uses chlorine gas. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires wastewater plants which store two-thousand five-hundred pounds or more of chlorine gas to conduct a risk management plan. Risk reduction begins with using the smallest cylinders possible of chlorine gas for the application. Water treatment plants can manifold as many ton containers as necessary while controlling for leaks at each individual container and throughout the entire system. In addition, the water plant should be located as far out of the city as possible, downwind of the prevailing winds. Booster systems at strategic locations can be placed. The Pasquill-Gifford model is a very good way to estimate the concentrations of a release at different distances from the source. However, a better Al-Obaidli, Anany, Hamad 3 3 model to use would be the Britter and McQuaid model for dense gases. Risk assessment software such as PHAST provides planners and retrofitters with a tool to determine various levels of risk. The example used about Ras-Laffan was simulated using PHAST for the three cases involved. The companies at Ras-Laffan assume that the wind direction from that region will always be North-West. If that were true, then the results from PHAST show that there would be no risk of the leak reaching any of the surrounding cities. The rupture of a one- ton cylinder could potentially produce a cloud one mile high by a half- mile wide by one mile long of toxic mustard gas that will kill everything in its wake. A train in Ontario derailed and a tank car of chlorine gas ruptured; if there had not been a large propane fire funneling the heavier-than-air mustard gas upwards into the atmosphere, many thousands of people in the city of Mississauga might have died. Although chlorine is by far the cheapest chemical to use for water treatment, the most widely accepted, and has the fewest risks to public health, other chemicals should also be investigatedItem Bhopal gas Tragedy: A safety case study(2020-04-06) Basha, Omar; Alajmy, Jawaher; Newaz, TahiraThis report provides an overview of the Bhopal Gas disaster which occurred at the Union Carbide pesticide production plant in India in 1984. A large amount of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) was released from tank 610 within the facility, a failure of safety and alarm systems allowed the gas cloud spread and kill thousands of people resulting in one of history’s worst chemical accidents. This paper will first discuss the plants setting and establishment before providing a brief background on the layout of the plant and the chemical process underwent. It will then discuss MIC and pesticide toxicity and the importance of safety systems within the plant and how Union Carbide’s plant failed to meet such standards. The second major section of the report will describe how the leak propagated and dispersed throughout the city, what emergency procedures were taken to counteract it, and its aftermath and effects both on the local people and the people involved with Union Carbide. The report will then discuss previous investigations about the tragedy and will focus primarily on the two biggest investigations conducted by both the Indian Government and Union Carbide respectively, investigating the proposed scenarios and their feasibility and whether there are other probable scenarios. The last major part of the report will discuss how such an incident revolutionized chemical process safety and the various conclusions that could be drawn from thisItem The Buncefield Accident(2020-04-06) Al Faheem, Duaa; Katbeh, Mary Anna; Ziaullah, AbdulwahabThe Process failure that occurred at Buncefield site, Hertfordshire, UK was one of the landmark incidents in the process safety concerns of vapor cloud explosion. The vapor cloud that formed was due to overfilled large storage tank, containing unleaded fuel. The overflow of the tank was the result of a failed level indicating system and lack of operator‟s attention at the site. A legal investigation on the incident was carried out by Buncefield Major Incident Investigation Board (BMIIB), which presented the causes for the explosion and the recommendations for future prevention. The report briefly discusses the series of steps that led to the major incident. Prior to the Buncefield, a massive explosion on such scale was not predicted; hence the Buncefield incident breaches the worst case scenario that was predicted for vapor cloud explosion. The report also provides the explanation regarding why the explosion breaches the worst case scenario for predicted strength of the vapor cloud explosion. Moreover similar accidents are also presented along with the recommendations presented by Buncefield Major Incident Investigation Board.Item Chemical Safety Board and Qatar Proposed Chapter(2020-04-07) Al-Naama, Abdulla; Saleh, Aisha; Nicola, SallyThe Chemical Safety Board (CSB) is a board responsible for carrying out investigations on chemical hazards and accidents that take place in the chemical industry in the United States of America. The Board consists of five appointed members by the President and confirmed by the Senate, and its members reached 35 professional staff in 2008. The mission of CSB is given to it by the Congress and no other agencies can influence or affect the Board’s activities as stated in the law. Its main purpose is to maintain the safety of the people and work environment in chemical plants. Once an accident has been selected for investigation, the CSB members follow a set of procedures to find out the causes of the accident and give recommendations to the industry and also to the regulatory agencies about what should be done to avoid such accidents. The completed investigations, as well as the current ones, are made available to the public in order to limit the number of accidents that take place in the chemical industry in the U.S. In this paper, a Qatar chapter of CSB, Qatar Safety Board (QSB), is proposed. Unlike CSB in the U.S., QSB will cover not only the accidents in the chemical industry, but also accidents that take place in the medical, industrial, sea and transportation sectors in Qatar. QSB will give recommendations to the industries on how to avoid the accidents. It will also try to raise awareness among everyone in the work environment in Qatar by making its reports on the accidents available, free-of-charge to the public. QSB will ensure a safer and healthier work environment in Qatar.Item Inherent Safety(2020-04-07) Andotra, Gautam; Idriss, Wajih; Natarajan, DivyaIt is a known fact that prevention is always better than control but traditionally safety measures within the field of engineering is usually applied to control the hazards rather than reducing them. This approach based on controlling a hazard is often referred to as ‘extrinsic safety’ as opposed to the approach of reducing the presence of a hazard, which is called ‘inherent safety’15. The concept of inherent safety comes from theories formulated by Trevor Kletz, in his article, entitled “What You Don’t Have, Can’t Leak. Years later in 1991, Mr. Kletz published a more updated version of his studies titled “Plant Design for Safety – A User-Friendly Approach”, which gave rise to the modern concepts of inherent safety. Inherently safer design has been advocated since the explosion at Flixborough in 1974, which raised a lot of question about safety in chemical plants. As mentioned earlier an inherently safer design is one that avoids hazards instead of controlling them, particularly by removing or reducing the amount of hazardous material in the plant or the number of hazardous operations21. Hazards can be reduced or eliminated by changing the materials, chemistry, and process variables such that the reduced hazard is characteristic of the new conditions and such a process with reduced hazards is described as inherently safer. Inherent safety recognizes there is no chemical process that is without risk, but all chemical processes can be made safer by applying inherently safer concepts. Therefore in order to reduce the hazards we need to be able to understand the various concepts of inherent safety, more commonly called ‘inherently safer design strategies’21. The inherently safer design strategies have been grouped into four major strategies: 6 1. Intensification: Using smaller quantities of hazardous substances. 2. Substitution: Replacing a material or a process with a less hazardous one. 3. Simplification: Designing facilities which eliminate unnecessary complexity. 4. Attenuation: Facilities which minimize the impact of a hazardous release.