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Item El Papel De La Naturaleza En La Novela Sudamericana Un Estudio De La Novela De La Selva(1976) Bell, Barbara Jean; Lewis, BartI have proposed to study the elements of the South American jungle novels, to make a comparison of this style of Super-regionalism with that of the style which deals with other areas, and to make a detailed analysis of The Vortex (La vorágine) by José Eustasio Rivera. Beginning my research, I hoped to find that this sub-group indeed constituted an unique form of expression. I intended to use The Vortex as the work most exemplary of the elements of jungle literature, and to judge its continuing influence on contemporary authors. I have completed the tasks I set for myself, and my findings are closely in line with my expectations. The jungle novels grew from the nineteenth century forms of creole expression. True Americanism was first expressed by the Modernists, later by the creole-style authors. It is from this second group that the super-regionalist school developed, with the jungle literature coming as an extreme form of it. The Vortex with all its aspects of Romanticism, demonstrates best the elements of jungle literature. Compared with Don Segundo Sombra by Ricardo Güiraldes, a novel of gaucho life on the plains, it is evident that the style, structure, and diction of both works reflect the environment they represent. Green Mansions, by W. H. Hudson, is another jungle novel, and has much in common with The Vortex, including the sense that time has been forgotten, the protagonist who has been greatly influenced by his environment, and the illusive qualities of the perfect woman. Social elements are a very important part of The Vortex. Rivera wrote primarily to stimulate action with his social criticism against the conditions endured by the rubber workers. He was successful in that his work generated interest in the situation, and possible solutions were formulated for it. The effect of The Vortex can be seen in a modern novel like Alejo Carpentier's The Lost Footsteps. The journey-like framework provides a suitable setting for the development of the personalities of the protagonists, but where Rivera's style tended toward Romanticism, Carpentier's tends toward Existentialism. I believe I have found evidence that supports my premise of there being a certain uniqueness about South American jungle novels. I also believe I have cited information insuring the place of The Vortex in that group.Item Sinclair Lewis: Social Criticism Pertaining To Woman's Role In Society(1976) Scudday, Sharon Gayle; Ballinger, Richard H.Item Preparation Of Thin Films Of Biomolecules By The Electrospray Method(1976) McNeal, C. J.; Macfarlane, R. D.; Torgerson, D. F.; Macfarlane, R. D.The preparation of thin uniform films of biomolecules has been a frequently encountered problem in chemical analysis techniques such as charged particle activation analysis, photoelectron spectroscopy, and with the recently developed technique of ²⁵²Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry. Techniques such as vacuum evaporation from a heated filament and electrodeposition (1) which have been used to prepare thin films (<10 μg/cm²) of inorganic compounds are generally not applicable for use with biomolecules (e.g., peptides, nucleotides, steroids, vitamins). The major problems are related to the thermal instability of these molecules and the requirement that any technique used to prepare a thin film must not alter the chemical identity of the molecule. Gentle methods such as deposition of a solution on a solid surface by solvent evaporation produce films that are aggregated and non-uniform. A method has been reported for the preparation of thin films using a specially designed nebulizer to produce a condensable finely dispersed mist of the solute without decomposition (2). However, films prepared by this method are also non-uniform, thick (10-1000 μg/cm²) and require relatively large amounts of material. With the development of the Cf-252 plasma desorption mass spectrometer (3), a better method was required for the rapid preparation of thin (<4 μg/cm²), uniform targets of small quantities of fragile biomolecules over an area less than 0.75 cm². The requirements of the method were that it had to retain the chemical identity of the sample, be non-fractionating when used with mixtures, non-contaminating, reproducible, and generally applicable to a wide range of molecules. Carswell and Milstead developed a method which is called electrospraying for preparing thin radioactive sources (4), utilizing a phenomenon first observed by Zeleny (5). The method was modified (6,7,8) and has been used by Nawab and Mason to prepare highly uniform emulsions of water and oil (9). The purpose of this paper is to report our results on the adaptation of this method for preparing thin uniform films of biomolecules and to show that this method satisfactorily meets the criteria we had established as necessary for preparing samples for ²⁵²Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry.Item Evaluation Of Aerodynamic Performance Methods For A Helicopter In Forward Flight(1976) Ferguson, Samuel Wyatt III; Rao, Balusu M.The purpose of this project has been to evaluate and compare methods for predicting rotor performance. This evaluation suggests that rotor performance prediction can be accomplished using simple closed form algebraic equations. More advanced methods which divide up the rotor blade into sections for performance calculations do not predict significantly better results. The advantage of these methods results from their ability to predict blade airloads. In most flight simulations this information is not of importance though. Therefore, only needless mathematical modeling and increased computational time results from the use of large blade element rotor performance programs.Item An Experimental Parameterization For Sensible Heat Flux And Computation Of Surface Air Temperature For Various Desert Areas(1976) Thompson, Starley L.; Driscoll, Dennis M.The energy flux terms in the surface heat balance equation were computed using parameterizations and mean monthly temperature, precipitation, planetary albedo, cloudiness, and vapor pressure data for 85 very dry locations. The major flux terms, solar radiation absorbed (S), net longware radiation (I), and sensible heat flux (H), for January and July are presented for 60 stations in North Africa. Sensible heat exchange between the air and surface was then parameterized by a regression procedure using the mean ,monthly values computed as residuals in the heat balance equation. H was found to be a function of S and the proximity of the station to a major water body (D). Larger H surface losses occur for larger values of S and/or smaller values of D. The regression equation for H explains 96% of the variance of the original computations. Knowing approximate expressions for all the terms in the heat balance equation, mean monthly surface air temperature was computed to test the efficacy of the H parameterization. The computed temperatures (Tc) show a combination of systematic and random deviations from the observed temperatures to the extent that the average root-mean-square error of Tc for all stations is 10°C. Thus, the derived expression for H has limited computational usefulness. Improvements in the parameterization could perhaps be made by replacing constants with simple functions or by dividing the stations into two or more geographical regions for separate study.Item Flutter Analysis Of A Cascade Of Rotor Blades(1976) White, Gary P.; Rao, Balusu M.A classical two-dimensional, bending-torsion flutter analysis of a reference airfoil in a cascade of infinite blades is performed. The unsteady airloads on the reference airfoil are predicted using a numerical lifting surface theory. Several cascade and flow parameters such as inter-blade spacing, stagger angle, phase angle between blades, Mach number, and frequency are investigated. The bending-torsion flutter speed of the cascaded reference airfoil is studied as a function of the cascade and flow parameters and the results are compared with that of an isolated airfoil.Item Induced Polarization Methods(1976) Silva, Darrel Allan; Kisabeth, J. L.Investigations of the direct current resistivity theory on which induced polarization theory is partially based, have lead to development of expressions which more clearly indicate the contribution of the perturbing layers. Also, expressions which allow simplification of numerical data inversion are presented. Some significance is given to the calculated induced polarization results and why it is unlikely that it will ever be possible to determine the specific type of ore simply from this data. However, the data still gives an indication of the presence of potentially valuable ores or their absence.Item A Study of Auroral & Polar Magnetic Substorms(1976) Porter, Jason G.; Kisabeth, J. L.This study was an attempt to reproduce the field variations observed during a particular polar magnetic substorm by a simple model current system. A line current model consisting of flow down field lines, along auroral arcs and back out along field lines was used. A computer program utilizing a matrix form of the Biot-Savart law was written to calculate the effect of the model current system. Parameters of the system were adjusted to give a best fit. The westward electrojet was found to flow along or slightly poleward of the auroral forms. The eastward electrojet was found to flow slightly equatorward of the discrete aurora. Agreement of calculated and observed field variations was generally good.Item "The Revolt Of Islam" As A Medieval Romance(1976) Browning, Debra Ann; Christensen, PaulThis study was primarily designed to determine whether “The Revolt of Islam” by Percy Bysshe Shelley is a Medieval Romance or not. In the course of this study, it was found that I first had to arrive at a definition of Medieval Romance and that, following the application of such definition to the work itself, Shellian distinctions must then be explained. This I have endeavored to do. The value of the project is, I believe, far-reaching. This is due to the fact that, as far as I know, no extensive research has been done in this area. The significance of the project is heightened by the fact that the poem has endured years of misunderstanding. The tie that binds the work together, the Medieval Romance genre, has been overlooked. This has caused critics to view the poem as “a bad and a disproportionate narrative”. Critics have complained that it is vague and “suffers on account of its lack of logical sequence and its neglect of the time factor.” These and many more of the complaints of the critics can be quickly dispelled when one views the poem as a Medieval Romance. It is this theory which I propose. When “The Revolt of Islam” is viewed as a Medieval Romance then the poem acquires a unity which it has previously appeared to lack.Item An Analysis of Thrust Faults(1976) Bauer, Mark S.; Parker, T. J.Part I. Through a literature search on the mechanics of thrust faulting, I have found that reduction of the effective downward stress component of the overburden pressure due to abnormal fluid pressures in the subsurface is the key theory in the geologist's current explanation of the mechanics of thrust faulting. I have found five possible mechanisms for developing abnormal pore pressure in the subsurface. The five theories area (1) location of outcrop of formation up dip at a higher elevation than the surface where well was drilled, (2) rapid compaction and depositon, (3) tectonic compression of a water-saturated shale or clay, (4) Clay dehydration (Fowers, 1967), a process in which montmorillonite is changed to illite releasing chemically bound water, and (5) Aquathermal pressuring, (Barker, 1972), a process in which an isolated volume of water-filled sediments is subjected to increased temperature. The expansion of the pore fluids due to increased temperature is greater than the expansion of the minerals of the rock, and this effectively generates an excess pressure. I propose that clay dehydration and aquathermal pressuring are two steps involved in the sequence of deposition of sediments and the generation of abnormal pore pressure. After normal compaction of the shales occurs, at a depth of 6000 to 7000 feet, the montmorillonitic clays begin to dehydrate. With the effective permeability being very, very low, the release of this bound water is confined to this shale zone. After more subsidence and deposition of the basin, the temperature increases with depth. Normally the increased temperature would not generate an excess pressure, because some of the water could easily bleed off. But within this confined shale zone, the low permeability will not allow the pressure to equalize, rather it builds up due to expansion beyond that which is expected under a normal hydrostatic gradient.Item Crustal Structure Of The Continental Margin Of The Eastern United States(1976) Morris, Joe L. Jr; Fahlquist, D. A.Gravity data from the Cape May region of the eastern United States was employed to determine the behavior of the crust-mantle interface in the transition region of the continental margin. By using the Talwani method of approximating two-dimensional structures with polygons, it was determined that the depth to the Mohovoricic discontinuity may decrease linearly from 25 kilometers depth 160 kilometers landward of the shelf break to 10 kilometers depth at the shelf break, More realistic results using this approach would require better data control in the shelf break region and near shore continent.Item Pattern Recognition Techniques For Use With ²⁵²Cf-Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry(1976) Ward, Andrew M. Jr.; Macfarlane, R. D.Pattern recognition, as used in this paper, reflects a technique of machine data analysis. In this capacity the machine receives the raw data, processes it for the purpose of separating the important features from the background, and finally makes a decision which it bases on these features. For most purposes the decision is categorical (i.e. does compound A contain nitrogen?; is a particular peak indicative of an arginine-guanine complex, etc.). Since the author has an independent interest in the application of pattern recognition to the analysis of mass spectrometry data, this vehicle will be used to describe the techniques of applying pattern recognition in the laboratory. It should be kept in mind that these techniques may be applied to any data source that meets or can be made to meet the machine data format.Item The Significance of Jesus and His Teachings as Depicted by the Authorial Persona in the Gospel of Mark(1976) Davis, Robert Jeffrey; Want, E. CleveThe study also changed my evaluation of Mark. Before the study I considered Mark the least sophisticated and profound of the Gospels. Because of Mark's misleading simplicity and apparent brevity, I overlooked the significance that it depicts. Now I consider Mark's depiction of Jesus and his teachings one of the more sophisticated of the Gospels, yet intricately subtle. Perhaps its subtlety led me earlier to misunderstand and underrate its richness. In this paper, I have tried to suggest some of the many attributes of this Gospel. First, there is a brief summary of Mark for those who are not familiar with this Gospel. In the body of the paper I have discussed many of the literary techniques used by the authorial persona, their role in depicting Jesus’ significance, and a composite of the narrative Jesus' identity as portrayed by these techniques. In addition, I have discussed the narrative responses to Jesus and how they reinforce the reader's acceptance of Jesus as depicted by the Gospel and analyzed the reading audience implied by the textual characteristics of Mark. With all of these things in mind, I have tried to suggest not only the significance that the authorial persona attached to Jesus and his teachings, but also that which might be considered by the audience of today.Item Upward Continuation of Single Profiles of Vertical Magnetic Data(1976) Bergsma, Michael William; Kisabeth, J. L.This paper considers the upward continuation of single profiles of vertical magnetic data taken across models where all the information is contained in a single profile. The single profile upward continuation integral is: B(x ⃗)=((z_2-z_1))/π ∫_(-∞)^∞▒(B_z (x ⃗^')□(dx^'))/(|x ⃗-x ⃗^'|) This upward continuation method is applied to such models as the infinite line current and the infinite horizontal cylindrical shell. When applied to these models, the method works quite well. Some error results from information lost because the data profiles are not infinitely long. Also the method does not work well if the separation between the data profile and the upward continued profile is too small.Item Feeding Interactions Of Three Planktivorous Fishes In Trinidad Lake, Texas(1976) White, Marla K.; Noble, Richard L.Food habits of gizzard shad, threadfin shad, and blue tilapia were studied in summer and winter, 1975. Stomach contents of all three species consisted predominantly of organic detritus, followed by green algae, blue-greens,and diatoms. Planktonic foods correlated closely with the composition of the plankton. Although food habits differed between season, they were closely correlated among species within season. Similarity among food habits of the three species creates the potential for competition for food among the three planktivores.Item The Source Of Walt Whitman's View Of Women In Leaves Of Grass: A Redefinition Of The Maternal Role(1976) Richardson, Deborah Doan; Loving, Jerome M.Whitman's vision of woman was a vision of motherhood. Thus a woman must be dauntless, intelligent, strong because she is the mother of unborn generations. If she possesses such laudable traits, she will become the source of man's evolutionary progress: "Envelop'd in you sleep greater heroes and bards." A perfect race can come only from a perfect mother. with each step woman takes towards her own equality and the full realization of her potential as a person, mankind advances. Civilization develops. Frederick Mayer describes the ultimate product of Whitman's superb mother as "a new perfect race whose mind, body, and emotions would be expressions of the highest standards of civilization.” Any study, then, of Leaves of Grass may acknowledge the existence of three different roles for the women in Whitman's world to assume. It may also accept Whitman's belief that the two roles of lover or comrade and equal or liberated being are subordinate to the third role, the mother. But with the delineation of these three roles comes the inevitable question, what led to Whitman's poetic adoption of these roles? Which woman had the greatest impact on Whitman's views? Although students of Whitman differ in their responses to this question, apparently many see his own mother, Louisa Van Velsor, as the wellspring of his every concept of woman. Whitman's first glimpse of woman was his mother, and the close relationship developed between them never faltered during their lives together. Louisa remained the most profound and lasting influence on his life and poetry.Item An Objective Method for Critical Analysis of Designed Landscape Projects Within the Urban Area(1976) Woodfin, Thomas M.; Klatt, FredThis research project represents the search for what turned out to be the ideal. It is, however, fortunate that a successful research project is not always dependent upon proving a preconceived idea or product. Perhaps the following information will be of value to those interested in this or some related thesis. The built environment is that portion of the land surface whose character or form has been altered by the presence of man. Ittelson in An Introduction to Environmental Psychology identifies three uniquely human features of man's endeavors to change his surroundings: the extent, the deliberate and self-conscious implementation, and the complexity. Man has reshaped the earth for his uses since the Stone Age. Modern techno logy has opened doors and permitted alterations of the environment on a scale which man neither foresaw or understood. an alone effects changes deliberately and self-consciously and does it within a complex interactive culture framework. Man's response to environment and adaptive changes occurs on psychological and social levels as well as physical and biological ones. Changes in the environment are reflective of not simply survival considerations but of philosophical and ethical concepts from human social organization, and human attitudes toward the physical environment. As man has broadened his technological capabilities for altering the physical environment he has begun to create situations which reflect his perceptions and prejudices and satisfy his needs and goals. These needs and goals are constantly changing as man's self-perceptions change. The availability of technological alterations have corresponding increased the number of changes in the built environment. The majority of people live in a world whose character and form is a result of dramatic human alterations of the original landscape. Evaluation of the character, form, and utility of the urban landscape provides a clue to the perceptual world in which the people live and the experiential basis for behavior patterns. Designers of the physical world employ certain processes for the creation of forms responsive to human needs. Investigation of these processes provides insight into how problems and needs are identified, analyzed, alternate solutions proposed, and final solution chosen to be implemented.Item Dead Ends In Dostoevsky(1976) Pawelek, Tim; Hardie, JackThe purpose of this paper is to examine those cul-de-sac images in Dostoevsky's major novels in which the villains--principally Svidrigailov in Crime and Punishment, Stavrogin in The Possessed, and Smerdyakov in The Brothers Karamazov--destroy themselves, dramatically illustrating what Dostoevsky saw as the meaning of human existence without God. Critics looking upon Dostoevsky as a philosopher, a religious prophet, a psychologist, or a social thinker, usually overlook the most obvious fact about Dostoevsky--the fact that he wrote novels. Therefore, as Ernest J. Simmons, Rene Wellek, and Edward Wasiolek maintain, Dostoevsky should be considered primarily as "a novelist, a supreme creator of a world of imagination, an artist with a deep insight into human conduct and the perennial condition of man.”¹ My intention is to focus on this world of imagination, this labyrinthine universe of Dostoevsky's, and to show that this particular dead-end imagery--such as walls, sordid little rooms, corners filled with spiders--is a rich concretization of Dostoevskian themes, mirroring the nature of certain characters and intensifying the dramatic situations. In addition I intend to examine dead-endness as it applies on a higher level to the novels themselves. An evolving moral and spiritual vision characterizes Dostoevsky's novels. As he is a novelist of ideas, he can be seen implementing those ideas in characters and dramatic plots, working with them, shaping and and expanding and exploring their consequences. Each novel, taken as a whole, is a larger statement; as a world of moral imagination each is either open-ended or closed. This means that Dostoevsky explores the solutions and/or the lack of solutions to the moral dilemmas of his heroes and villains. The particular dead-end images, then, are parts of a wider picture as the corner of a room is part of a mansion.Item Immunization Against Learned Helplessness in Man: Support for the S-R position(1976) Jones, Stanton L.; Nation, Jack R.; Nation, Jack R.Immunization against learned helplessness has been found in dogs and rats; this study tested for the same effect in man. College students were divided into four groups; the helplessness control group received no immunization training while the other three groups received either a 0%, 50%, or 100% schedule of success on a series of discrimination problems. Then all groups were given insoluble problems and were subsequently tested on a human shuttlebox. An immunization effect against helplessness was produced; the 50% immunization schedule produced performance significantly superior to the helplessness control and 0% groups. The 100% group failed to produce the immunization effect. These findings lend substantial support to the S-R explanation of helplessness phenomena (Levis, 1976) over the expectancy of independence explanation (Maier and Seligman, 1976). Implications of the study for the helplessness model of depression and for strategies in clinical therapy were also discussed.Item A Parametric Study of Blood Flow in the Microvessels(1976) Mosley, Jane S.; Jendrucko, Richard J.Since blood is the transport medium for the materials to be exchanged, the understanding of the flow of blood is essential to the understanding of the materials exchange. The nature of the blood flow varies considerably throughout the cardiovascular system. The flow is typically pulsatile in the large vessels and arterioles, but is quite irregular within the capillaries where the diameter of the erythrocytes corresponds to that of the vessels themselves. The characteristics of blood flow in any given vessel are related to the pressure difference and the resistance involved. Two factors are largely responsible for the resistance to flow: 1. The vessel geometry (length, diameter) 2. The flow properties of blood (viscosity) Especially at the level of the microcirculation, the vessel diameter is important. Because the diameters of the vessels within the microcirculation are small compared with those of the arteries and veins, the microvessels offer the largest resistance to flow. The resistance to flow is roughly proportional to the reciprocal of the fourth power of the vessel diameter (Guyton, 1971). Thus, as the diameter of a vessel decreases, the resistance increases, but at a much faster rate. The contribution of the viscosity of blood to the resistance is also significant. Blood viscosity is dependent upon three factors: 1. Hematocrit 2. Erythrocyte geometry 3. Types and concentrations of proteins in the plasma Of these, the hematocrit, or the concentration of the red blood cells, is the most important. The hematocrit for a given volume of blood, defined as the ratio of the volume of the red blood cells to the volume of the whole blood, is most commonly determined clinically by centrifuging a column of whole blood for a standard length of time. During the centrifugation, the erythrocytes are packed at the bottom of the column (erythrocytes are more dense than plasma). The hematocrit is then expressed as the quotient of the red blood cell column height and the total column height. As shown in Figure 1, an increase in the hematocrit results in an exponential increase in the blood viscosity. In addition to the local variations in hematocrit within the microvessels, there is an apparent reduction in hematocrit in vessels smaller than about 0.3 mm (300um) in inner diameter. This phenomenon was first documented by Fahraeus in 1929 after a series of studies using small glass capillary tubes ranging from 47- 507 um in inside diameter. The magnitude of this reduction is important phisiologically because the hematocrit of a volume of blood affects flow properties, as indicated above, and this, in turn, affects erythrocyte distribution and thus oxygen distribution at branch points. The viscosity decrease which accompanies the hematocrit reduction, called the Fahraeus Effect, allows the heart to pump blood through the small vessels with less effort than it might otherwise have to exert.