Browsing by Author "Zhu, Y."
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Item Air Conditioning Cold/Heat Source Analysis of the Inclusion of the Monetary Values of Environmental Damage Based on the LCA Theory(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), 2006) Li, Z.; Duanmu, L.; Shu, H.; Zhu, Y.This is an analysis of the effect on the technical solutions when monetary values of externalities are included in a model for selecting air conditioning cold/heat sources. The focus of the study is on heating and cooling using conventional and seawater source heat pump systems. The included monetary values of damage to the environment and health are those result-ing from atmospheric emissions and water-body toxic-ity. An environmental impact assessment model is pre-sented based on the theories of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Willingness - to - pay (WTP). The analysis makes it possible to compare the technical and eco-nomic differences of the air conditioning system based on business economics to a system with greater empha-sis on socio-economics. This model is applied to assess the environmental impacts of two systems. The results show that by considering externality costs, the total discounted cost of the new system would be approxi-mately equal to the conventional one.Item Building Commissioning in the Chinese Mainland(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), 2006) Zhu, Y.Item A Case Study of Continuous Commissioning of the VAV System in China(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), 2006) Xia, C.; Zhu, Y.; Chen, H.; Han, Z.; Xu, G.This paper introduces a continuous commissioning of the VAV system in a real building in China. On the base of nearly one year's testing data, the energy conservation level of the project is analyzed, and significance of further commissioning is emphasized. A systematic evaluation method for existing building's commissioning is developed. Moreover, this paper provides important experience and a feasible evaluation system for development of commissioning in China.Item Continuous Commissioning: A Valuable Partner to Retrofit Projects(Texas A&M University (http://www.tamu.edu), 2001) Turner, W. D.; Banks, K.; Athar, A.; Yazdani, B.; Zhu, Y.; Culp, C.Continuous Commissioning (CC) or HVAC system optimization is not only a valuable stand-alone energy saving measure for commercial buildings, but it is also an important escort solution to retrofit projects. Energy retrofit projects typically achieve projected savings. But in cases where savings goals are not being met, optimizing HVAC system performance can be the difference in an underachieving versus a successful project. This paper presents a real-world study of pairing a CC project with an energy retrofit in a 107,000 square foot hospital building. Applying the CC strategy to an underperforming retrofit, projected energy savings were achieved and even increased. Additionally, by increasing supply air capacity, patients, staff and visitors now enjoy improved comfort conditions. This paper also explores the working relationship between an ESCO and a university research laboratory, whose combined efforts led to this remarkable turn around.Item Continuous Commissioning® of an Office/Laboratory Building(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), 2005) Evans, C.; Cordero, J.; Atencio, M.; Claridge, D. E.; Martinez, J.; Oberle, C.; Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C.; Zhu, Y.Item Eliminating Humidity and Condensation Problems in University Dormitories - Case Study(Texas A&M University (http://www.tamu.edu), 2002) Claridge, D.; Turner, W. D.; Zhu, Y.; Chen, H.; Bruner, H., Jr.; Hugghins, J.; Deng, S.Krueger Hall, McFadden Hall and Rudder Hall are dormitories used for housing on-campus students of Texas A&M University (TAMU). These halls have suffered with humidity problems for many years. The Continuous Commissioning (CCSM) group of the Energy Systems Lab in collaboration with the Utilities Office of Energy Management, the TAMU Physical Plant, was dispatched to perform Continuous Commissioning on these three dormitories in order to find viable solutions to the humidity issues. The CC group performed extensive field tests and analysis on building AHU systems, exhaust systems, building construction, and the Energy Management Control System (EMCS). This paper presents the investigation and follow-up efforts, which identified reasons and corrective measures for the high humidity levels in the living areas of McFadden and Rudder Halls, and condensation in the bathroom ceilings of Krueger Hall, transforming these inefficient, humid university dormitories into comfortable environments.Item Energy Savings Report For Dallas County, July 2000 – June 2001(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University, 2001) Claridge, D. E.; Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C.; Zhu, Y.This report presents the energy and dollar savings for the period July 2000 - June 2001 for 12 Dallas County facilities that have been retrofit by Enershop. The savings for this period total $745,046, which represent 73.2% of the audit estimated savings. The electric demand savings are $261,517 and the electric usage savings are $483,529. The savings have improved somewhat from the previous report that included the billing periods for April - June 2000. The savings for the earlier period were 62.6% of the audit estimated savings compared with 73.2% for the current period.Item Impacts of Static Pressure Set Level on the HVAC Energy Consumption and Indoor Conditions(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), 1996) Liu, M.; Zhu, Y.; Claridge, D. E.; White, E.; Energy Systems Laboratory; Energy Management Operation, UTMBAir static pressure must be maintained at a certain level leaving the air-handing unit (AHU) to force a suitable amount of air through the terminal boxes. However, an excessive static pressure level is often used due to ( 1 ) lack of a control device in a constant volume system (CV); (2) malfunctioning control device in a variable volume (VAV) system; and (3) fear of failure to maintain room temperature. High static pressure often develops excessive damper leakage in older mixing boxes. This results in an inappropriate mixing of hot and cold air and an excessive amount of air entering the space. Consequently, the actual fan power, heating and cooling energy consumption all become significantly higher than the design values. Even worse, the system may not be able to maintain room conditions due to unwanted simultaneous heating and cooling, and may be noisy due to the excessive static pressure. This paper proposes to control the hot duct pressure and the Variable Frequency Drives ( VFD's) to control the fan static i.e. the cold duct pressure. Both a theoretical analysis and a case study results are presented in this paper.Item Integrated Commissioning for a Large Medical Facility(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), 2000) Zhu, Y.; Batten, T.; Turner, W. D.; Claridge, D. E.; Giebler, T.; Liu, M.; Zhou, J.; Cameron, C.; Keeble, B.; Hirchak, R.; Texas A&M University; University of Nebraska; Trane Company; Johnson Controls, Inc at BAMC; BAMCThe energy costs of heating, ventilating and air conditioning usually represents a large portion of the utility bills for a medical facility. One large, modem medical center located in the hot and humid region of southern Texas includes clinic areas, inpatient areas, critical areas, diagnostic areas, and pharmacy and a research center. An integrated commissioning of the HVAC system was performed for this building. The commissioning activities improved the building comfort conditions and reduced the utility costs by $225,000 for seven months during the commissioning periods and four months following the major commissioning completion. Some unique optimized control strategies were developed and implemented in the control system. This paper describes the commissioning activities and the results.Item A New Approach to Commissioning of the VAV Control System(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), 2006) Han, Z.; Xia, C.; Zhu, Y.; Xu, G.Commissioning of the HVAC system has been practiced in buildings for the purpose of energy conservation and performance optimization. Commissioning of the HVAC automation system should be paid more attention. In this paper, Objective Control Method (OCM) is proposed to analyze the operational performance of VAV control system. The approach starts with the evaluation of satisfaction of indoor thermal comfort, and then is followed by the performance analysis of different control loops with a graphic chart of relations between different parameters. Finally the operation fault is detected. This approach has been applied and validated in a real VAV control system of a commercial office building in Beijing with one year's on-site measured data. By means of OCM, phenomena of 'hunting' in VAV control system are deeply studied. As a new commissioning approach of VAV control system, OCM is of great feasibility and convenience.Item A Novel Procedure to Determine Optimal Air Static Pressure Set-points and Reset Schedules in VAV Air Handling Units(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), 1998) Zhu, Y.; Liu, M.; Claridge, D. E.; Turner, W. D.; Powell, T.; Energy Systems LaboratoryAir static pressure set-point or schedule for VAV AHLJ systems is one of the most crucial operational parameters for satisfy lug the building load, maintaining the room comfort level and saving energy costs. This paper presents a novel procedure and method, which can be applied to determine the optimal air static pressure set-point for VAV AHUs with both stand-alone controllers and DDC controllers. This procedure provides a simple, fast and a non-intrusive way to obtain the optimal or improved operational schedules without interrupting normal operation of the systems and without detailed simulation. An application example is also presented in this paper.Item Optimization Control Strategies for HVAC Terminal Boxes(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), 2000) Zhu, Y.; Batten, T.; Noboa, H.; Claridge, D. E.; Turner, W. D.; Liu, M.; Zhou, J.; Cameron, C.; Keeble, D.; Hirchak, R.; Texas A&M University; University of Nebraska; Trane Company; Johnson Controls, Inc at BAMC; BAMCThe HVAC terminal boxes are one of the major building HVAC components. They directly impact the building room comfort conditions and the energy costs. How to operate the box in a highly energy efficient way and maintain the room comfort level is an important topic in today's building energy management and HVAC control field. The authors developed novel optimized control strategies and operation schedules for the terminal boxes for both occupied and non-occupied hours. The optimized control schedules were implemented in a medical complex during the commissioning. This not only improved the building comfort conditions but also reduced the energy costs.Item Preliminary Study of O&M Opportunities at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Submitted to The Energy Management and Operations Department at UTMB Galveston(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University, 1994) Liu, M.; Zhu, Y.; Claridge, D. E.; Haberl, J. S.At the request of the Energy Management and Operations Department at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, the Energy Systems Laboratory at the Texas A&M University performed the preliminary study of O&M Opportunities at the 49 buildings (over 3.5 million ft2 floor area) and its central plant. The central plant provides the chilled water and steam to all of these buildings. Constant air volume systems are used in 48 buildings while single duct variable air volume systems are used in the Medical Research Building, which was built in 1993. Three major O&M opportunities were identified in the UTMB buildings and the central plant: (1) Optimizing the outside air reset schedules of the air handling units; (2) Controlling the steam pressure at 125 psi or lower; and (3) Optimizing the chilled water and cooling tower water set points.Item Reduce Building Energy Consumption by Improving the Supply Air Temperature Schedule and Recommissioning the Terminal Boxes, Submitted to the Energy Management and Operations Division at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University, 1995) Liu, M.; Athar, A.; Zhu, Y.; Claridge, D. E.At the request of the Energy Management and Operations Department at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, the Energy Systems Laboratory of Texas A&M University performed a study of optimizing the HVAC operation at its Basic Research Building. The Basic Research Building (BRB) at M.D. Anderson (MDA) is a seven-story building with a total of 123,000 ft2 conditioned floor area. The building consumed about 81,000 MMBtu chilled water, 41,000 MMBtu steam, and 7.6 MMkWh in 1992 according to LoanSTAR measured data. This energy consumption translates into an annual cost of $l,568,OOO/yr.Item Reduction of NOx Emissions in Alamo Area Council of Government Projects(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University, 2004) Haberl, J. S.; Zhu, Y.; Im, P.This reports summarizes the electricity, natural gas and NOx emissions reductions from retrofit measures reported as part of the AACOG emissions reduction effort. The electricity and natural gas savings were collected by the Brooks Energy and Sustainability Laboratory (BESL), and reported to the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL). The ESL then assembled these data for processing by eGRID. The results from BESL’s data collection efforts and the eGRID analysis are contained in this report.Item Report of Energy Efficiency Study and Metering/Utilities Profile for Electric Deregulation at Tarleton State University (TSU), Stephenville, Texas(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University, 1999) Zhu, Y.; Bryant, J.; Turner, W. D.; Claridge, D. E.The director of Energy Management & Controls and staff at Tarleton State University (TSU) do a very good job of maintaining TSU and keeping expenses down. They have metering installed in many buildings and track the campus energy use closely. During our visit, however, we were able to identify several opportunities for energy efficiency.Item Report of Energy Efficiency Study and Metering/Utilities Profile for Electricity Deregulation at Prairie View A&M University (PVAMU) Prairie View, Texas(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University, 1999) Zhu, Y.; Claridge, D. E.; Giebler, T.; Abushakra, B.; Turner, W. D.The physical plant director and staff at Prairie View A&M University (PVAMU) do a good job of maintaining PVAMU facilities and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were able to identify several opportunities for improving energy efficiency.Item Report of Energy Efficiency Study and Metering/Utilities Profile for Electricity Deregulation at Texas A&M International University (TAMIU) Laredo, Texas(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University, 1999) Zhu, Y.; Turner, W. D.; Claridge, D. E.The physical plant director and staff at Texas A&M International University at Laredo do a very good job of maintaining TAMIU facilities. During our visit, however, we were able to identify several opportunities for improving energy efficiency.Item Report of Energy Efficiency Study and Metering/Utilities Profile for Electricity Deregulation at Texas A&M University -- Corpus Christi (TAMU-CC) Corpus Christi, Texas(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University, 1999) Zhu, Y.; Turner, W. D.; Claridge, D. E.The physical plant director and staff at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi (TAMUCC) do a very good job of maintaining TAMU-CC and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were able to identify several opportunities for energy efficiency.Item Report of Energy Efficiency Study and Metering/Utilities Profile for Electricity Deregulation at Texas A&M University -- Galveston (TAMU-G) Galveston, Texas(Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University, 1999) Zhu, Y.; Turner, W. D.; Claridge, D. E.The physical plant director and staff at Texas A&M University at Galveston (TAMU-G) do a very good job of maintaining TAMU-G facilities and keeping expenses down. During our visit, however, we were able to identify several opportunities for improving energy efficiency.