Browsing by Author "Dominguez, Brandon J"

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    Comparison of Dermatological Complications Associated with Repeated use of a High Anionic vs a Low Anionic Soap to Decontaminate Canines
    (2015-01-26) Mabry, Christopher James; Bissett, Welsey T; Zoran, Debra L; Thompson, Jamie A; Holub, Glenn A; Dominguez, Brandon J
    Harmful materials are released into the environment during emergencies and disasters. These materials pose a risk to animals involved in search and rescue efforts without the benefit of personal protective equipment. Search and Rescue (S&R) canines are often decontaminated multiple times during deployments to limit their potential exposure to toxic or harmful substances they come into contact with. Consecutive decontamination has the potential to induce epidermal irritation, decrease the natural protections associated with a healthy dermis and thereby increase the risk of absorption and internalization of hazardous material. The focus of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two soap products in the removal of oil-based contaminants and to determine the subsequent likelihood of inducing epidermal irritation and transepidermal water loss when used serially over a standard 14-day deployment. The results of this study revealed that Dawn® Ultra is more effective than DermaLyte® at removing oil-based contaminants. The serial use of each of these products resulted in mild to moderate epidermal irritation within 4.9 to 15.8 days for Dawn® soap and 5.8 to 21.4 days for DermaLyte® soap. Transepidermal water loss did not quantify or predict visibly scored epidermal irritation. These results will guide the development of S&R dog decontamination protocols.
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    Effects of Aquatic Conditioning on Cartilage and Bone Metabolism in Young Horses
    (2020-07-20) Silvers, Brittany Leigh; Leatherwood, Jessica L; Welsh, Thomas H; Dominguez, Brandon J
    Potential for aquatic exercise to affect cartilage and bone metabolism in young horses was investigated. Thirty Quarter Horse yearlings were stratified by age, body weight (BW), and sex and randomly assigned to one of three treatments for 140-d to compare effects of aquatic vs. dry exercise on bone and cartilage metabolism in young horses transitioning to an advanced workload. Treatments included non-exercise control (CON; n=10), dry treadmill (DRY; n=10), or aquatic treadmill exercise (H₂O; n=10; water at 60% of wither height, WH). Horses were housed individually (3.6×3.6m) from 0600 to 1800, allowed turnout (74×70m) from 1800 to 0600. During Phase I (d 0-112), DRY and H2O walked on treadmills 30 min/d, 5 d/wk. In Phase II (d 113-140) all exercise horses transitioned to an advanced workload 5 d/wk. Every 14-d, WH, hip height (HH), and BW were recorded. Left third metacarpal radiographs on d 0, 112, and 140 were analyzed for radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE). At 28-d intervals, serum samples were collected to quantify concentrations of osteocalcin and C-telopeptide crosslaps of type I collagen (CTX-1) and synovial fluid samples were collected to quantify concentrations of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C), collagenase of type I and type II collagen (C1,2C), and carboxypeptide of type II collagen (CPII) using ELISAs. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. There were treatment x day interactions (P<0.01) where OC and CTX-1 remained consistent in both exercise groups while inconsistently increasing in CON. There were no treatment differences (P>0.30) in RBAE, BW, or HH, but all increased over time (P<0.01). There were no treatment x day interactions of synovial inflammation or markers of cartilage metabolism, however there was an effect of day for each marker (P<0.03). Changes in biomarkers of cartilage turnover in horses exercised at the walk, whether dry or aquatic, could not be distinguished from horses with turnout alone. This study indicates that early forced exercise supports consistent bone metabolism necessary for uniform growth and bone development, and that there are no negative effects of buoyancy on cartilage metabolism in yearlings transitioned from aquatic exercise to a 28-d advanced workload.
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    An experimental model for calcium carbonate urolithiasis in goats
    (American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2018-03-10) Jones, Meredyth L; Dominguez, Brandon J; Deveau, Michael A
    Background: Calcium carbonate is a common urolith type in small ruminants with no high-yield experimental model to evaluate animal susceptibility or preventative measure response. Hypothesis: That novel plastic winged implants would allow accumulation and quantification of calcium carbonate calculus formation in goats on a high-calcium diet and identify individual variation between goats in the mass of calculi produced. Animals: Eight nonpregnant 3- and 4-year-old Boer-cross does, weighing 22.3–39.5 kg, determined to be healthy based on physical examination, were used in these experiments. Methods: Prospective cohort study for in vivo experimental model development. Implants were placed into the urinary bladder lumen in 8 goats over 2 evaluation periods. The alfalfa-based ration had a total ration Ca : P of 3.29 and 3.84 : 1, respectively. Urine was collected at 0, 28, 56, and 84 days in the 1st experiment; blood and urine at those timepoints in the 2nd experiment. For each evaluation period, the implants were removed 84 days after implantation and weighed. Accumulated calculi mass was calculated and compared between goats and was analyzed for composition. Results: Implant retention was 100% and 86% in the 2 studies. All goats with retained implants accumulated calcium carbonate at a mean implant gain per day across studies ranging from 0.44 to 57.45 mg. Two goats accumulated (0.44–7.65 mg/day and 33.64 & 57.45 mg/day) significantly more urolith material than the cohort across both studies (P5.047). No routine analytes on blood or urine were found to be explanatory for the difference observed. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These findings form a basis for implant and diet selection for use in future studies of urolithiasis development and for studies regarding individual susceptibility to urolithiasis. KEYWORDS 3D printing, calculogenesis, urinary calculi, urolith
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    Mineral Composition of Uroliths Obtained from Sheep and Goats with Obstructive Urolithiasis
    (American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2017) Jones, Meredyth L; Gibbons, Philippa M.; Roussel, Allen J.; Dominguez, Brandon J
    Background: Knowledge of the mineral composition of the causative urolith is important to develop preventative strategies. Advances in analytic techniques have led to detection of urolith components not previously recognized. Hypothesis/Objectives: The objectives of this study were to characterize uroliths in sheep and goats structurally and clinically. We hypothesized that amorphous magnesium calcium phosphate (AMCP) would be a naturally occurring urolith type in sheep and goats. Animals: Forty-nine sheep and goats presenting for obstructive urolithiasis from June 15, 2014 through June 14, 2016 were reviewed along with the demographic data of all small ruminants admitted during that same period. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for demographic and historical data, and 36 uroliths obtained from these cases during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy to determine chemical composition. Results: AMCP is a naturally occurring urolith type in obstructed male sheep and goats and was the most common urolith type in this study, where it occurred as a majority component with struvite (39% of uroliths) or as a pure component (11%). Pure struvite was found in 1 urolith (2%). Calcium carbonate was the second most frequent urolith with 31% of uroliths being pure calcium carbonate. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This study demonstrates that uroliths, which appear consistent with struvite, could actually be calcium-containing AMCP. Urolith analysis is critical in determining mineral content of uroliths to guide dietary recommendations for prevention. Key words: Amorphous magnesium calcium phosphate; Calcium carbonate; Struvite; Urinary calculi.