Browsing by Author "Brown, M. S."
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Application of engineering and mathematical concepts to curriculum structure(1971) Bremmer, Dale Anthony; Wortham, A. W.; Meier, W. L.; Moore, B. C.; Vernon, R. J.; Wadsworth, R. B.; Brown, M. S.Within the past five years all of higher education has been challenged to justify its very existence. Accountability is demanded of the goals and the procedures. Hopefully, out of this challenge will grow and develop a better educational system; that new concepts, methods, and techniques will be found so as to better develop the mental resources of this nation. Industrial Engineering, since the forties, has developed many mathematical and engineering approaches toward analyzing processes and flow systems. This document proposes that some of these mathematical concepts and engineering techniques are applicable toward a better and more objective understanding of education's instructional/learning processes; that through the use of mathematical concepts and engineering techniques new dimensions of measure can be incorporated in the structure and design of curriculum. A sizeable amount of this document is directed toward weaving a coherent thought through the widely scattered existing literature that has a mathematical or engineering connotation. Hierarchies, one of the more modern approaches toward explaining the theory of learning, is expanded through the application of Boolean logic operations. The spanning trees employing binary logic are subject to Boolean algebra analysis. The result of the model in conduction with a defined testing sequence is the capability of readily identifying alternate possible paths to the learning task. A transformation from the model employing spanning trees to a flow system permits viewing a selected curriculum as a dynamic system having inputs and the needed fixed and stochastic parameters.Item Studies on the cytogenetic and genetic effects of fluoride on barley(1971) Bale, Shankarappa Siddaveerasetty; Hart, Gary E.; Brown, M. S.; Fryxell, P. A.; Smith, James D.The cytogenetic and genetic effects of fluoride on barley were studied. Chromosomal aberrations were induced and mitosis was inhibited following the treatment of seedling root tips with either sodium fluoride or hydrofluoric acid at concentrations of 1x10⁻²M, 1x10⁻⁴M and 1x10⁻⁶M. The sodium fluoride treatments induced a higher frequency of aberrations than did the hydrofluoric acid treatments, possibly due to differences in pH and in the total available fluoride ions. Cytological analyses disclosed that these treatments produced bridges, fragments, chromosome gaps and micronuclei. Treatments of seedling coleoptiles with either sodium fluoride alone or in combination with dimethyl sulfoxide did not inhibit growth. However, cytological observations showed that chromosome bridges and fragments, univalents, fragments, and micronuclei were produced by these treatments. Tests were conducted to determine if the fluoride treatments were capable of inducing chlorophyll mutations. Plants whose coleoptiles had been treated at the seedling stage were self-fertilized and reciprocally crossed with untreated plants. The seedlings obtained from these latter self-fertilizations were screened for chlorophyll mutations. None were observed. Cytological observations of the plants produced by the seeds obtained from the reciprocal crosses showed few aberrations, indicating a low frequency of transmission of chromosomal aberrations through the gametes to the progeny.