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    Evaluation of shellfish sanitary quality by indicators of sewage pollution
    (1975 1974 Aug 27) Metcalf TG Gameson ALH; (ed.)
    The study described here was concerned with use of the coliform test to assess the danger of pollution by bacterial or viral pathogens, and its significance as a criterion of the sanitary quality of shellfish. Public health aspects of the sanitary status indicated for shellfish growing in waters polluted by sewage discharges are considered. Shellfish examinations were conducted in New Hampshire and Galveston Bay estuaries. The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, was used throughout these examinations. Information on the sanitary quality of shellfish and shellfish waters was obtained from the results of coliform, salmonella, and enteric virus tests. Results showed that the fecal coliform index provided useful information on the presence of salmonellae and viruses in shellfish when the fecal pollution measured was moderate to excessive. Inadequacies of the index were detected increasingly wit declining levels of pollution, the most pronounced inadequacies occurred in the presence of enteric viruses. Reasons for this discrepancy, and ways of overcoming it are discussed
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    Morphology of sand accumulation in estuaries: An introduction to the sympos
    (Estuarine research. Volume 2. Geology and Engineering. 1975., 1975) Hayes O; Cronin LE; (ed.)
    The morphology of sand deposits in estuaries is determined by the interaction of a number of process variables, including: (a) tidal range, (b) tidal currents, (c) wave conditions, and (d) storm action. Of these, variations in todal range have the broadest effect in determing large-scale differences in the morphology of sand accumulation. The papers in this symposium have, therefore, been arranged according to differences in tidal range of the areas discussed, following the classification scheme proposed by Davies(4) I. Coarse-grained sediment accumulation in estuaries with small tidal ranges (microtidal estuaries: tidal range (T.R.)=0-2 m) Wave action and storm deposition are more important in this class than in any other. Galveston Bay, Texas, is an example of this type of estuary. II. Coarse-grained sediment accumulation in estuaries with intermediate tidal ranges(mesotidal: T.R.=2-4 m). Tidal deltas and tidal-current-formed sand bodies increase noticeably in this class. The estuaries of New England, South Carolina, and Georgia are prototypes. III. Coarse-graned sediment accumulation in estuaries with large tidal ranges (macrotidal:T.R.>4 m). Funnel-shaped, wide-mouthed estuaries that contain linear sand bodies are the most common types occurring in this category. Prototypes are Bristol Bay, Alaska, and the Ord River estuary, Australia. IV. Wide-mouthed estuaries. This category was created in order to include in the symposium papers covering the large entrances into such major bodies of water as the Baltic Sea and Chesapeake Bay. Much of the emphasis in these papers has been placed on estuaries in the mesotidal category, principally because these are the ones that have been studied most. Despite the fact that mesotidal estuaries show a wide range in morphological and hydrographic characteristics, the sand shoals affiliated with them are remarkably similar from place to place. For example, flood-tidal deltas usually contain the same major components, including a flood ramp, flood channels, ebb shields, ebb spits, and spillover lobes, regardless of the variations in current and wave conditions under which they occur. Similarly, the ebb-tidal deltas, although they are exposed to great variations in open-ocean-wave intensity, are strikingly consistent in morphology
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    Mortality of marine organisms associated with offshore summer blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax monilata Howell at Galveston, Texas
    (1975 1974 Nov 4) Wardle WJ; Ray SM; Aldrich AS LoCicero VR; (ed.)
    Occurrence of blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax monilata, in the offshore coastal waters of Texas at Galveston in 1971 and 1972, is documented. The types and quantities of organisms noted during the blooms were quite similar. They consisted of 29 spp, including coelenterates, annelids, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, and fishes, all of which were either sessile, sedentary, or weakly motile, suggesting that the more mobile spp were able to avoid the area of the bloom before accumulating lethal amounts of toxin. Despite extensive monitoring in late July and Aug of 1973, on G. monilata were noted in the offshore area of Galveston Island. The absence of the red tides during these yr is evidently related to relatively low salinities and temps in the Galveston Bay drainage area during the month of Aug
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    Movable-bed model study of Galveston Bay entrance
    (Estuarine research. Volume 2. Geology and Engineering. 1975., 1975) Hermann FAJ; Cronin LE; (ed.)
    A model of the Galveston Bay entrance was made in 1960 by the US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. The moveable-bed model, with scale ratios 1:500 horizontally and 1:100 vertically, reproduced{approx} 452 km Super(2) of prototype area including a small part of Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. Verification tests are described, and the problems which the model was intended to help solve are discussed. various improvements made to the model are also described, and the results of the actual tests presented and discussed. It appears that the model predicted with good accuracy all significant effects of the development plan for the entrance, and especially for the navigation channel