API 682, now in its 4th Edition, has made a concerted effort to accurately define and distinguish between different types of seal configurations available under the designation of ‘Arrangement 2’, including 2CW-CW, 2CW-CS, ...

A solution was developed for an extreme discharge piping vibration problem on an 80 hp gear pump piping system. Maximum field-measured vibration levels were over 4 ips 0-pk (200 mm/sec pk-pk). Most gear pumps are not ...

The oldest and still quite common sealing device for pumps is compression packing, so called because of the manner in which it performs the sealing function. This tutorial will explain the technology and also clarify some ...

This paper presents details of investigation results of issues observed during plant start-up on a centrifugal compressor. Compressor was operated with air/ nitrogen during start-up and high shaft vibration (approx. 75 um) ...

This tutorial provides an overview of typical packaging options for gas turbines in industrial applications. Applicable standards are discussed. The requirements for different systems, such as air filtration and fuel systems ...

Dual mechanical seals represent one of the most common approaches to improving seal reliability and reducing process emissions. While the presence of the pressurized barrier fluid provides significant benefits, the challenge ...

High temperatures inside coupling guards can cause machinery down time and loss of revenue. As a result, many industries invest significant time and effort trying to reduce heat generation. Windage flanges are a standard ...

In most natural gas applications, turboexpanders are operating close to or on the dew point line and a mixture entering the turboexpander impeller is a combination of liquid and gas phases of the natural gas. The presence ...

This tutorial provides a general overview of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It is not intended for CFD experts but rather for those seeking answers to questions such as: What is the role of CFD in the design / analysis ...

Goal: Develop a Maintenance Program that will Assure: Safety of Personnel and Equipment; Environmental Compliance; Long Term Business Profit f Holders.