JANUARY, 1916
BULLETIN NO. 184
 
DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY
Cooperative Fertilizer Experiments With Corn, 1908-1914

POSTOFFICE:
COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS
AUSTIN, TEXAS
VON BOECKMANN-JONES CO ,   PRINTERS 1916
III
A200-316-20m
TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
BULLETIN NO. 184	JANUARY, 1916
DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY
Cooperative Fertilizer Experiments With Corn, 1908-1914
BY
G. S. FRAPS, Ph. DM
Chemist in Charge; State Chemist

POSTOFFICE:
COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS
AUSTIN, TEXAS VON BOECKMANN-JONES CO., PRINTERS,
1916
AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS
W. B. bizzell, A. M., D. C. L., President
TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS
john I   guion, President, Ballinger......       ........................................................... Term expires 1919
I   J   hart   Vice President, San Antonio..................................................................... Term expires 1919
E  H   astin, Bryan....  .... ......:........  ............................................................................ Term expires 1919
J 'S. williams, Paris......   ................... .......................................................................Term expires 1917
T  E  battle, Marlin......................................................................................................Term expires 1917
W   C  bheihan, Bartlett..................... ...........................................................................Term expires 1917
J   F  kubena, Fayetteville..............................................................................................Term expires 1921
W   A   miller, jr., Amarillo..........................................................................................Term expires 1921
a.'b.'davidson, Cuero.. ............................................................................................ ....Term expires 1921
MAIN STATION COMMITTEE
L. J. hart, Chairman	J. S. williams                                         \V. A. miller, jr.
GOVERNING BOARD, STATE SUBSTATIONS
P   L  downs, Presi dent, Temple..	....................................................................... Term expires 1919
charles rogan, Vice President, Austin...... ........................ ......................................Term expires 1917
W   P   hobby, Beaumont.................................................................................................Term expires 1917
J. E. "boog-scott. Coleman.. .........................................................................................Term expires 1921
*STATION STAFF
**DIVISION OF  FARM   MANAGEMENT
rex E. willard, M. S., Farm Management Expert in Charge
DIVISION  OF POULTRY  HUSBANDRY
R. N. harvey, B. S., Poultruman in Charge
CLERICAL  ASSISTANTS
J. M. schaedel, Stenographer
daisy lee, Registration Clerk	J L. cottingham, Stenographer
W   F  christian. Stenographer_       j    ^      >    /  E. E.
ADMINISTRATION
B   youngblood, M. S., Director A   B   conner, B. S., Vice Director chas. A. felker, Chief Clerk A. S. ware, Secretary
DIVISION  OF VETERINARY  SCIENCE
M.   francis,   D.   V.   S.,    Veterinarian
Charge H.   schmidt,
D.   V.   M.,   Veterinarian
DIVISION  OF  CHEMISTRY
G.  S.  fraps, Ph. n., Chemist  in  Charge;
State Chemist	.
R. H. RiDGiiLL, B. S, Assistant Chemist
frmvik  hodges,  B.  S.,  Assistant  Chemist
W. T. P. sprott, B. S., Assistant Chemist
DIVISION OF HORTICULTURE
H   ness, M. S., Horticulturist in Charge W. S.  hotchkiss, Horticulturist
DIVISION  OF  ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
J. C. burns, B. S., Animal Husbandman,
Feeding Investigations J. M. jones, A. M., Animal Husbandman,
Breeding Investigations
DIVISION  OF  ENTOMOLOGY
F.   B. paddock, U. S. K., Entomologist in Charge; blult Entomologist
O. K. courtney, B. S., Assistant Entomologist
DIVISION  OF AGRONOMY
A. B. conner, B. S., Agronomist i.-; Charge
A. H. leidigh, B. S., Agronomist
Louis wermelskirchen, B. S.,Agronomist
DIVISION  OF  PLANT  PATHOLOGY  AND PHYSIOLOGY
J   J. taubenhaus, Ph. D., Plant Pathologist
elizabeth walker. Stenographer M. P. holleman  jr., Stenographer
and Physiologist in Charge N.  D    zuber, B. S., Fellow and Laboratory Assistant
DIVISION OF FORESTRY
J. H. foster,  M. F.,  Forester  in   Charge; State Forester
DIVISION  OF  FEED  CONTROL SERVICE
james sullivan, Executive Secretary
J. H. rogers, Inspector
W. H. wood, Inspector
T. H. woltehs, Inspector
S. D. pearce, Inspector
W. M. wickes, Inspector
T. B. reese, Inspector
SUBSTATION NO. 1:     Beeville, Bee County
E. E. binford, B. S.. Superintendent
SUBSTATION NO. 2:    Troup, Smith County
W. S. hotchkiss, Superintendent
SUBSTATION   NO.   3:     Angleton.   Brazoria County
N. E. winters, B. S., Superintendent
SUBSTATION   NO.   4:     Beaumont,   Jefferson
County H. H. laude, B. S., Superintendent
SUBSTATION   NO.  5:     Temple,   Bell  County A. K. short, B. S., Superintendent
SUBSTATION   NO.   6:     Denton,   Denton
County V. L. gory, B. S., Superintendent
SUBSTATION NO. 7:    Spur, Dickens County
R. E. dickson, B. S., Superintendent
SUBSTATION   NO.  8:    Lubbock,   Lubbock
County
R. E. karper, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 9:     Pecos, Reeves County
J. W. jackson, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 10:     (Feeding and Breeding Substation)  College Station,  Brazos County
T.  M. Mp.nnF.Li-, Snptrintf.nttrni J. F.  jordan, B. S., Scienti/ic Assistant SUBSTATION   NO.  11:  Nacogdoches,  Nacog-
doches  County
G. T. McNESS, Superintendent D. T. killough, B. S., Scientific Assistant **SUBSTATION  NO.  12,  Chillicothe,  Harde-
C. L. durst, Mailing Clerk willie johnson, Tag Clerk
man County R. W  edwards, B. S., Superintendent
*As of February   1, 1916. **In Cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Introduction   ...............................................	5
Nature and Significance of Fertilizers.........................	5
Interpretation of Field Experiments with Fertilizers..............	?
Plan of the Experiments.....................................	7
General Results of the Experiments............................	9
Detailed Results   ............................................	10
Acid phosphate alone.....................................	10
Cotton seed meal........................................	11
Potash .................................................	13
Barnyard manure .......................................	13
Thomas phosphate   ......................................	14
Rock phosphate  .........................................	15
Lime   ..................................................	15
Nitrate of soda..........................................	15
Profltahle increase  ..........................................	16
Mixed fertilizers ............................         ............	16
Detailed Tables of the Experiments. ...........................	16
Index to Experiments by Counties. ............................	30
Details of Experiments, 1911.................................	31
Details of Experiments, 1912.................................	36
Details of Experiments, 1913.................................	43
Details of Experiments, 1914.................................	50
Summary and Conclusions....................................	63

COOPERATIVE  FERTILIZER  EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN, 1908-1914.
by G. S. fraps, pit. D., chemist in charge; state chemist,
Cooperative fertilizer experiments were begun in 1907 by the Division of Chemistry of the Texas Experiment Station. Only a few experiments were conducted that year, but in subsequent years from one hundred to two hundred experiments were carried out each year. Bulletin 138, now out of print, contains a report of the successful experiments in 1908, 1909, and 1910. The bulletin here printed will,contain a detailed report of the experiments with corn in 1911, 1912, 1913, and 1914, and will discuss all the successful experiments which have been made on corn.
The cooperative fertilizer experiments have several objects. One object is to secure information as to the kinds of fertilizers needed for different types of Texas soils. After a sufficient number of experiments have been conducted on various types of soil, we will be able to trace the relations between the soil types and the actual need of the soil in the field. This important practical bearing of the experiment will be emphasized in the bulletin here presented.
Another object of the experiments is to ascertain the relation between the results of the fertilizer experiments and the chemical composition, of the soil. It is a well known fact that fertilizer experiments on one type of soil are not necessarily applicable to the same crop grown on another and different type. Comprehensive experiments on single types are thus, therefore, of limited application in many cases, and should not, without careful study, be applied to other different types of soil. The chemical analysis of the soils and pot experiments with the different soils are being conducted in connection with the cooperative fertilizer experiments, and we shall endeavor to trace the relation between these three lines of study in subsequent publications.
A third object in conducting the cooperative fertilizer experiments is to give the farmers in various sections of the State an opportunity to ascertain for themselves the behavior of their soils with different applications of fertilizers. The results of such experience are not only of value to the farmer himself, but also to the farmers in his vicinity; and where the experiments are observed and supervised by the county demonstration agents, their results become of value to the entire farming community of the county. In recent years we have begun to cooperate with the county demonstration agents with very gratifying results.
XATUKE   AND   SIGN'1 FIGANCE   OF   FERTILIZERS.
The subject of fertilizers is discussed in Bulletin 167 of this Experiment Station, and we will not repeat in this bulletin what is there said.
6	texas agricultural experiment station.
A few facts pertaining- to the subject under discussion will, however, be given.
The object of a fertilizer is to supply plant food to the soils in such forms that plants can take it up. All soils contain plant foods but they do not always contain a sufficient quantity, or contain them in such forms as to be easily consumed by plants. Plants vary in their needs of plant food, and the soils vary in their ability to supply it. Plant food, however, is not the only limiting condition of plant growth, moisture relation and physical character being in many cases much more significant. It has been found in our experiments that vegetable matter or humus is badly needed by many Texas soils, and that applications of manure have in many cases given better results than any of the combinations of fertilizers. The vegetable matter supplied by the manure not only carries plant food with it, but it also improves the physical character of the soil, enabling it to retain water better, and to hold it more securely against evaporation. As moisture conditions affect the size of the crop grown under Texas conditions very seriously, the aid of the vegetable matter in controlling moisture is of material importance in producing the crop or increasing its size.
Plant food being onlv one of the controlling conditions of plant growth, it follows that, in order to secure the best results from an application of plant food,, it is necessary that the other controlling conditions should be as favorable as possible. This is not always the case. Indeed, a great many of our experiments have been entirely lost by too much moisture or too little moisture, failure to get a stand, or damage by insects, showing the importance of the other controlling conditions.
The adaptation of fertilizers to soils and plants means the use of such as will supply the necessary food without a deficiency of some needed element, and consequent decreased size of the crop. The three important forms of plant food are phosphoric acid, potash, and nitrogen. Our soil analyses show that, as a rule, Texas soils are often deficient in phosphoric acid and nitrogen,, and less often deficient in potash.
Acid phosphate was used in our experiments for the purpose of supplying phosphoric acid : it contained 16 per cent available phosphoric acid.
Basic slag was used in a few experiments. Basic slag is a combination of lime and phosphoric acid, secured as a by-product in the manufacture of iron which contains phosphorus. Basic slag also contains some iron.
Cottonseed meal used in these experiments was for the purpose of supplying nitrogen. The cottonseed meal used also contained a small amount of potash and phosphoric acid, usually about 7 per cent nitrogen, H per cent potash and 24 per cent phosphoric acid. Xitrate of soda was used in one series of experiments on one plot for the purpose of replacing a portion of the cottonseed meal to see if it improved the size of the crop, or was equally as valuable as the cottonseed meal. Sulphate of potash was used in many of the experiments to supply potash. This contained 50 per cent potash. Muriate of potash was also used, however.
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.      7 interpretation' of field experiments with fertilizers.
Field experiments require care in their interpretation. Variations in the depth or physical character of the soil, or in fertility in different plots, the attacks of birds or insects, injury by storms, and the situation of the soil with respect to drainage may influence the plots unequally. It has been shown by experiments that a number of plots on a field apparent 1'v of uniform fertility and treated exactly alike, do not produce exactly the same yield, and further, that these yields are not always in the same direction each year. Differences in the depth or character of the subsoil may be the cause of these variations, giving rise to differences in moisture content which are not always the same each year.
PLAN  OF  THE  COOPERATIVE   FERTILIZER  EXPERIMENTS.
The general plan of the experiments is shown in the instructions sent out for 1914. The instructions were practically the same each year, there being, however, some differences in the applications made during some of the years. These differences are brought out in the tables of results.
The writer desires to express his appreciation of the work of those who have succeeded in carrying out a successful experiment and also those whose crops were injured or destroyed, making the experiment of no value. The services that they have rendered will be of advantage to the entire farming community of Texas.
INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  COOPERATIVE  FERTILIZER   EXPERIMENTS.
Please read these instructions carefully as soon as you receive them. If there is anything you do not understand, or if you desire further information, write us fully.
Please advise us whether or not the fertilizer arrives in time and in good condition. If any bag is torn, please weigh it. Please note carefully any change that may have been made to suit your conditions.
Select a uniform piece of land, either about an acre for corn or cotton, or else about half an acre for truck crops. This is to be divided into ten plots. Each plot must naturally produce the same quantity of cotton or corn or other crops. Any natural difference in the productiveness would appear as due to the fertilizer, whereas it is really due to the soil. Ro take care to select a piece of land which produces the same amount of crop in all its parts, and which does not contain any rich or poor spots, and no portion of which is subject to' more favorable or unfavorable conditions than any other portion.
For corn, cotton or similar crops use an area equivalent to approximately one-tenth acre for each plot or application of fertilizer. If the rows are four feet apart, use four rows 280 feet long, or eight rows 140 feet long, or sixteen rows 70 feet long.
For potatoes, tomatoes, onions, or similar crops, use an area of land •equivalent to one-twentieth acre for each plot or application of fertilizer. If the rows are four feet apart, use two rows 280 feet long, or four rows 140 feet long, or eight rows 70 feet long. If the rows are two feet
8	texas agricultural experiment station.
apart, the number of rows for each application of fertilizer should be double that stated above.
The important point is to have the same number of rows of exactly the same length in each of the ten plots, planted to the same crop.
The application t© the different plots are as follows:
Plot No.    1.    Apply nothing.
Plot No.    2.    Apply bag No. 2, 15 Ibs. acid phosphate.
Plot No.    3.    Apply bag No. 3, 20 Ibs. cottonseed meal.
Plot No. 4. Apply bag No. 4, 15 Ibs. acid phosphate, 10 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 5 Ibs. nitrate of soda.
Plot No. 5. Apply bag No. 5, 15 Ibs. acid phosphate, 20 Ibs. cottonseed meal.
Plot No. 6. Apply bag No. 6, 15 Ibs. acid phosphate, 20 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 2 Ibs. sulphate of potash.
Plot No. 7. Apply bag No. 7, 15 Ibs. acid phosphate, 20 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 5 Ibs. sulphate of potash.
Plot No.    8.    Apply nothing.
Plot No.    9.    Apply one load of manure.
Plot No. 10. Apply bag No. 10, 15 Ibs. acid phosphate and one load of manure.
The fertilizer should be mixed well and applied in the drill about a week before the seed is planted. It should not be allowed to come in direct contact with the seed. The entire field should receive the same treatment, and should be planted with the same kind of seed of the same crop. If any of the plots are damaged by storms, insects, or anything else, the fact should be noted and considered. The only difference between the plots should be the quantity of fertilizer. The date of maturity should be stated and the crop from each plot should be harvested and weighed separately.
A report blank will be furnished. Report total weight of ear corn per plot, weight of seed cotton per plot, total weight of potatoes per plot, and weight of those marketable, etc. The stand on each plot should also be noted and reported. Note any difference in size of stalk or appearance of plot. You should retain a copy of the report and of your observations for your own use.
This experiment should show which of these fertilizers would prove probably most profitable under your conditions, and it would give you an intelligent basis for fertilizing next season.
Information concerning fertilizers is contained in bulletins of the Texas Experiment Station. Any bulletin is free on application. Ee-quests for bulletins should be addressed to the Director of the Experiment Station.
We prefer the fertilizer to be applied by hand, distributing it as evenly as possible. A tin or paper horn reaching nearly to the ground may be used if there is much wind. If necessary, the fertilizer may be applied just-before planting, but the plow should run through the furrow to mix it with the soil, or some other method of mixing used. The fertilizer must not come in direct contact with the seed. If the fertilizer does not arrive in time, it may be applied after the seed has been planted, by opening a furrow along the side of the plants, putting in the fertilizer, and dirting back upon it.
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14..      9
We cannot undertake to give cultural directions on account of the wide diversity of conditions within the State. Each plot should, of course, be treated alike. As a general rule, we would suggest deep fall breaking. Do not, however, increase the depth of breaking suddenly, but break a little deeper than you have been doing. After each rain, cultivate shallow as soon as the land is in condition to work. In the spring, after the seed are planted, cultivate shallow at least once a week. The object of this treatment is to retain the water in the soil. If there is likely to be too much moisture, provision should be made for drainage.
GENERAL  RESULTS OF THE  EXPERIMENTS.
The details of the experiments with corn in 1911-1914, inclusive, are presented in subsequent pages (see page 31). The detailed results are also presented later (tables 8 to 15, inclusive). We also include, in the tables, the results secured in 1908, 1909, 1910.
TABLE  1—SUMMARY OP CORN EXPERIMENTS, 1908-1914.

	1908 1909
1
	1910
	1911
	1912
	1913
	1914
	Total
	Per Cent

	3 3 1
	13 13 5 4
	21 15 11 8
	8
I
	19 13 15 6
	18 14 14 11
	32 20 23 14
	114 87 76 46
	100 77 67 40
	
Number showing gain by acid phosphate. . . Number showing gain by cottonseed meal ,

	

	

	

	

	

	

	
Table 1 is a summary of the 114 experiments with respect to the response to fertilizers. Where a gain is shown, it means any gain at all, and not necessarily a gain sufficient to pay for the fertilizer.
The table shows that 77 per cent of the experiments gave a gain with acid phosphate. 67 per cent a gain with cottonseed meal, and only 40 per cent a gain with potash. Thus, these soils need phosphoric acid first; nitrogen next, and potash last of all.
Table 2 shows the average gain per acre where a gain occurs. Where there was no gain, the experiment was left out of consideration in the preparation of this table.
TABLE 2— AVERAGE GAIN CORN BUSHELS  PER ACRE WHERE A GAIN   OCCURRED.

	1908
	1909
	1910
	1911
	1912
	1913
	1914

	6.3
	6 2
	0.6

	

	

	5.0

	

	

	
	7.0
	6.2
	6.7

	6.4
	6.6

	

	

	
	2.7

	

	

	3.8

	

	i.i
	3.4

	

	

	
	9.2

	

	

	
	6.5
	6.1
	6.6
	
By Cottonseed Meal (with Acid Phosphate) (200

	
	
	7.1
	6.0
	5.5

	

	
	c.    0

	

	.....
	2
Q
	7.6

	

	
	2.4
	10.1
	3.2

	

	

	
	2.4
	2.4
	2.3

	

	2.3

	

	

	
	2.1
	4.1
	5.1

	

	8.9
	11.7
	10.5
	8.3

	

	

	
	
10	texas agricultural experiment station.
From 150 to ?00 pounds of acid phosphate produced an average gain of five to seven bushels corn per acre, where a gain occurred, which was 77 per cent of the experiments as shown in the previous table. A smaller quantity of acid phosphate might have produced equally as good increases. This point will be discussed later.
From 30 to 100 pounds cottonseed meal produced 0.4 to 3.8 bushels corn increase. Two hundred pounds cottonseed meal, alone or with phosphates, produced 5.5 to 7.1 bushels increase. Three hundred pounds, used only one year, however, gave no increase over two hundred pounds. These gains refer only to cases in which gains occurred, about 67 per cent of the experiments.
From 5 to 25 pounds muriate of potash produced gains of 2.3 to 3.2 bushels corn, exclusive of the results in 1910, which appear abnormally high. Fifty pounds muriate of potash gave gains of from 2.1 to 5.1 bushels. These gains occurred only, as pointed out previously, in 40 per cent of the experiments.
DETAILED RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTS.
In this section, we shall discuss the effects of the various fertilizing ingredients and mixtures in more detail.
Acid Phosphate Alone.—Acid phosphate alone, giving results in 77 per cent of the experiments and increases of 5 to 7 bushels where a gain occurs, seems to he on the average the most profitable and the most certain of the commercial fertilizers for corn. It is estimated that one bushel corn requires 0.625 pounds phosphoric acid for growth of the corn plant and the accompanying stalk and leaves. One hundred pounds of 16 per cent phosphoric acid supplies 16 pounds of available phosphoric acid, and if we assume that only half is utilized by the crop, it would be sufficient for nearly 13 hushels corn. The average increase in these experiments was 5 to 7 bushels. Allowing for the increases which occurred greater than the average, say, 9 bushels corn, it is seen that 70 pounds acid phosphate would supply twice this amount, and 100 pounds should certainly supply an abundance for the gain secured. From 60 to 100 pounds acid phosphate per acre should, therefore, be sufficient to produce /the increases usually secured in these experiments, and from these experiments this amount appears to be the best to he used when applied alone. When applied in addition to other fertilizer, however, the quantity used should be sufficient for the entire increase. If we assume that two-thirds of the phosphoric acid is used by the crop, the amount needed would be approximately 0.9 pounds phosphoric acid per bushel of corn, or 9 pounds per 10 bushels increase. One hundred pounds of 16 per cent acid phosphate would thus be sufficient to take care of 18 hushels corn increase over the quantity that could be secured with no fertilizer at all, or about 6 pounds acid phosphate per bushel of corn. If we calculate on the basis of a utilization of only half the phosphoric acid, it would require 1.25 pounds phosphoric acid per bushel corn, or 8 nounds acid phosphate. There should be no necessity of exceeding this amount.
Although   acid  phosphate  alone  gives  the  best  results,  it  does  not follow that acid phosphate should be used exclusively.    If acid phos-
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn,, 1908-14.    11
phate is used exclusively on cotton, corn, or similar crops, and no legumes turned under or grazed off, or no barnyard manure added, the soil will become depleted in nitrogen. In greater or less time, depending upon the quantity of nitrogen in the soil, the soil will become deficient in nitrogen, and the increase due to the acid phosphate will fall off. In fact, this falling off may take place rapidly. On the other hand, if nitrogen is secured from the air by a suitable rotation, including legumes to be turned under or grazed off, the use of acid phosphate alone may be sufficient to give good results for a long time.
The plots receiving acid phosphate alone as a rule suffered least during dry weather. ,The yields were time and again cut short by drought, and the plots receiving nitrogen and potash as a rule suffered more decidedly than those receiving acid phosphate alone.
Cottonseed Meal.-—Quantities of cottonseed meal less than 100 pounds produced from 0.4 to 6.6 bushels increase, the average being probably 3 bushels, and the gain of 6.6 bushels probably being due to soil irregularities. One bushel corn requires approximately 1.5 pounds nitrogen for the grain and the accompanying stalk and leaves. One hundred pounds cottonseed meal contains approximately 6.7 pounds nitrogen, or sufficient nitrogen for 4.5 bushels corn on the above basis. The nitrogen, where it gave a gain, was well utilized, the utilization thus being two-thirds of the nitrogen.
Two hundred pounds cottonseed meal produced, where a gain wasp-reduced, from 5.5 to 7.1 bushels corn increase, or about 6 bushels on an average. The two hundred pounds would contain 13.4 pounds nitrogen,, sufficient for 9 bushels corn; about two-thirds of the nitrogen would be utilized on this basis. This is also a good utilization. Three hundred pound? cottonseed meal, which was used only one year, gave "no more corn than 200 pounds. Two hundred pounds cottonseed meal, therefore, seems to be the best quantity to use under Texas conditions. The gains mentioned, as already stated, were secured in 67 per cent of the experiments.
Although cottonseed meal gave the average gains indicated above, there were a number of results in which the mixture of acid phosphate and cottonseed meal gave little better results than acid phosphate alone. This will be discussed in a subsequent section.
The plots receiving cottonseed meal alone, or in combination, suffered more from drought than the other plots. In a number of the experiments the cottonseed meal plots did much better than the others at first, and a larger yield was indicated, but a dry period cut short the development of grain and injured the yield decidedly. We ascribe this to the larger development of foliage caused by the cottonseed meal. This resulted in an increase in the requirements for moisture, so that the plant suffered mo-re quickly and to a greater extent, during the dry period, which often occurs during the critical tasseling 'stage of corn growth.
Cottonseed Meal and Acid PJiospliate.-—As already stated, cottonseed meal and acid phosphate did noi, on the average, produce as profitable results as either one alone.
12
texas agricultural experiment station.
In 190S, 1909, and 1910 (part) the mixture on an average gave lower returns than acid phosphate alone; in 1910 (part), the average gain was 3.5 bushels over the acid phosphate alone; in 1911, about 3.5 bushels; in 1913, 2 bushels; in 1913, 2 bushels; in 1914, 1.5 bushels. These represent the gain of the cottonseed meal over the acid phosphate on an average of all the experiments. (See Tables 3 and 4.)
The phosphate and meal compared with meal alone, produced a gain of 1.9 bushels in 1912, 1.8 in 1913, and 2.6 in 1914. This is the average gain secured by the addition of 150 pounds acid phosphate to 200 pounds cottonseed meal, representing the gain due to the acid phosphate.
There are a number of individual cases in which the mixture is more profitable than the acid phosphate alone, or the cottonseed meal alone.
The point we wish to emphasize here is that the individual farmer must study his soil conditions and use the fertilizer which is best suited to his individual conditions and the requirements of his soil.
Effect of Potasli.—Potash produced results in only 40 per cent of the experiments. The indiscriminate use of potash in mixed fertilizers for corn is thus, as a rule, not profitable.
TABLE  3—AVERAGE  RESULTS  OP EXPERIMENTS,  1908-1910.
 
1908
1909
1910
1910
The Application and its Analysis.
 
17
17.
20.
3
17.
24.3
20.3
20.6
4
19.4
24.9
13
13.8
19.9
18.9
19.1
18.6
19.1
18.7
17.5
22
26
24,
27.5
22.3
23,0
22.5
Number averaged.........................................
No fertilizer. .............................................
200 Ibs. acid phosphate. ...................................
200 Ibs. acid phosphate and 30 Ibs. cottonseed meal (14% phosphoric acid, and 0.9% nitrogen). .......................
200 Ibs acid phosphate and lOOlbs. cottonseed meal (10.7% phosphoric acid, 2.3% nitrogen). .......................
200 Ibs. acid phosphate, 30 Ibs. cottonseed, and 5 Ibs. muriate of potash (14% phosphoric acid, 0.9% nitrogen, and 1.1% potash) .............................................
200 Ibs. acid phosphate, 30 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 12.5 Ibs. muriate of potash (13.3% phosphoric acid, 0.9% nitrogen, 2.5% potash)...............................................
200 Ibs. acid phosphate, 30 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 20 Ibs. muriate of potash (12.8% phosphoric acid, 0.8% nitrogen, 4.0%
S
otash)............................................... s. acid phosphate, 30 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 50 Ibs. muriate of potash  (11.4% phosphoric acid, 0.8% nitrogen, 9.0% potash)...............................................
200 Ibs. acid phosphate, 60 Ibs. cottonseed meal (12.3% phosphoric acid, 1.6% nitrogen).............................
200 Ibs. acid phosphate, 120 Ibs. cottonseed meal (10% phos-
E
horic acid, 2. 6% nitrogen). ............................ s. acid phosphate, 60 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 5 Ibs. muriate of potash (12.2% phosphoric acid, 1.6% nitrogen, 0.9 potash) 200 Ibs.  acid  phosphate, 60 Ibs.  cottonseed meal,  12  1-2 Ibs. muriate of potash (11 .7% phosphoric acid, 1.5% nitrogen, 2.2% potash).........................................
coopekative fertilizer experiments with corx, 1908-14.    13 table 4—average results of experiments, 1911-1914.
The Application and its Analysis.
	1911
	1912
	1913
	1914

	8'
	18
	18
	32

	
	23 . 5
	19.6
	14.3

	24.2
	27.6
	23.0
	19.1
	
160 Ibs. acid phosphate, 70 Ibs. cottonseed meal (12.4% phos-
	27.4

	
	
160 Ibs. acid phosphate, 140 Ibs. cottonseed meal (8.4% phos-
	27.9

	
	
150 Ibs. acid phosphate, 300 Ibs. cottonseed meal (6.0% phos-
	
	29.4

	
150 Ibs. acid phosphate, 200 Ibs. cottonseed meal (6.4% phos-
	
	29.6
	24.9
	-- 4 20.6

	
	27.7
	23.1
	18.0
	
160 Ibs. acid phosphate, 140 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 12.5 Ibs. mu-rate of potash (9.0% phosphoric acid ,3.3% nitrogen ,2.7%
	* 22.4

	
	
150 Ibs. acid phosphate, 200 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 20 Ibs. muriate of potash   (6.2%  phosphoric acid, 3.9%  nitrogen, 3.5%
	
	29.6
	25.3
	21.4
	
160 Ibs. acid phosphate, 140 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 25 Ibs. muriate of potash   (8.2%  phosphoric acid, 3.0%  nitrogen, 4. -6%
	t 29.0

	
	
150 Ibs. acid phosphate, 20 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 50 Ibs. muriate
	
	t 30.0
	26.7
	22.7
	
150 Ibs. acid phosphate, 100 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 50 Ibs. nitrate

	24.6
	19.4

	

	
	
*Compare with 21.5; fCompare with 29.5, {Compare with 28.7.
This is also brought out in the average table. (Tables 3 and 4.) In 1908, 1909, and 1910 (part) the potash produced no effect. In 1910 (part), the gain due to potash was 1.1 bushels; in 1911, 0.2 bushels; in 1912, 0.6 bushels; in 1913, 1.1 bushels; in 1914, 1.5 bushels. The quantity of potash applied in 1912, 1913, and 1914 was 10 or 25 pounds actual potash (KaO) per acre. Smaller amounts were used in preceding years.
The general use of potash in mixed fertilizers for corn is thus, we should judge, not profitable. Potash should be used only when the farmer is satisfied that his soil needs it, and then in such quantity that it will be of benefit.
In this connection, we must observe that potash is more ahundant in the soil than either phosphoric acid or nitrogen, and is often present in very large quantities.
Barnyard Manure.—Barnyard manure gave larger gains than acid phosphate, cottonseed meal, or potash salts. The manure was applied at the rate of ten loads per acre. The average gain due to manure, where a gain was produced, was from 8.3 to 11.5 hushels corn. The average in all the experiments (see Tables 2 and 5) varied from 4.9 to 7.9 bushels corn per acre. Manure and acid phosphate were used in 1914. The acid phosphate added produced on an average an increase 'of 2.2 hushels corn per acre.
TABLE  5—AVERAGE BUSHELS CORN PRODUCED BY MANURE.
Year.
	No Fertilizer.
	Manure.
	Gain.
	Number of Experiments.
	
1910. ............................
	22.2
	31.2
	9.0
	6
	
1911. ............................
	24.0
	31.9
	7.9

1912. ............................
	26.8
	33.4
	6.6
	15
	
1913. ............................
	20.2
	9^   1
	4.9
	15
	
1914. ............................
	14.4
	20.0
	5.6
	32

	

	
	
Manure with acid phosphate in 1914 (31 experiments) produced 22.2 bushels compared with 14.2 bushels produced with no fertilizer.
14
texas agricultural experiment station.
Barnyard m'anure contains all three forms of plant food, phosphoric acid, potash, and nitrogen. The nitrogen is usually in excess, so that an addition of acid phosphate is also advisable. Manure contains about 0.5 per cent nitrogen, 0.3 per cent phosphoric acid, and 0.5 per cent potash, though it varies greatly.
The beneficial action of barnyard manure, however, is not due solely to the plant food it contains. The vegetable matter in manure is beneficial for several reasons. It lightens up heavy soils and makes loose soils more retentive of moisture. It aids the moisture to penetrate in the soil and aids the soil to retain the moisture present. It makes the soil respond better to operations of tillage. In general, manure improves the physical character of the soil and its ability to supply the plant with moisture.
The effects of manure extend beyond the year of its application. In some experiments, the results of heavy applications of manure have increased the size of the crop for twenty years after the application of manure had been discontinued.
Manure loses rapidly in value when exposed to rain.
Farmers should make every effort to save manure, and to use all waste vegetable matter for improving the soil. Manure from cattle pens is valuable and should be saved.
In the absence of sufficient manure,, legumes may be grown to supply the necessary vegetable matter to the soil, and to secure nitrogen from the air. The crop should either be turned under or grazed off; it should not be made into hay.
In thirty-two experiments manure produced the largest yields of any application made in the experiment.
Thomas Phosphate.— -Thomas phosphate is a by-product in the manufacture of steel from iron containing much phosphorus. The phosphoric acid is available to a certain extent, especially in acid soils, but it is not as quickly available as the phosphoric acid of acid phosphate.
TABLE  6-
-AVERAGE   BUSHELS   CORN   PRODUCED   WITH   ACID   PHOSPHATE   AND WITH  THOMAS PHOSPHATE.
Year.
	Number of Trials.
	No Fertilizer.
	Acid Phosphate.
	Thomas Phosphate.
	
1910. ............................
	\
	19.4
	24.9
	21.6
	
1911. ............................
	
	23.5
	28.5
	25.3
	
1912. ............................
	4
	19.7
	21.7
	22.9

	

	

	
	20.8
	25.0
	23.3

	

	
	
Twelve tests were made with Thomas phosphate, it being compared with an equal quantity of acid phosphate. The average results are compared in Table 6. In two of the three years, and in almost all the individual tests, acid phosphate produced larger yields than the Thomas phosphate. The higher average result in 19] 2 for Thomas phosphate is due to an unusually large increase produced by it in one test. The average increases produced by acid phosphate is 4.3 bushels corn compared with 2.5 bushels increase for Thomas phosphate. According to
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    15
these figures, Thomas phosphate had 60 per cent of the effectiveness of acid phosphate. As the two materials contained approximately the same quantities of phosphoric acid, this same general result would apply to the phosphoric acid; that is, the phosphoric acid of the Thomas phosphate had about 60 per cent of the effectiveness of the phosphoric acid of acid phosphate.
Rock Phosphate.—Finely ground phosphate rock was used in eleven experiments in 1912 at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, compared with 150 pounds acid phosphate. The average results are as follows:
No fertilizer ......................	24     bushels corn.
Acid  phosphate   ...................	30.6 bushels corn.
"Rock phosphate  ...................	27.5 bushels corn.
Gain due to acid phosphate. ........	6.6 bushels corn.
Gain due to rock phosphate. .........	3.5 bushels corn.
The 200 pounds rock phosphate contained approximately 60 pounds phosphoric acid, whereas the 150 pounds acid phosphate contained approximately 24 pounds available phosphoric acid. Ten pounds phosphoric acid in rock phosphate produced 0.6 bushels corn; 10 pounds available phosphoric acid in acid phosphate produced 2.75 bushels on an average. The phosphoric acid of the rock phosphate thus had about 22 per cent of the effect of the phosphoric acid of acid phosphate. These are the average results. .The bulk of the phosphoric acid in the rock phosphate remains in the soil and may be used for subsequent crops.
If we consider the details presented in the tables we find that in four experiments the rock phosphate had no effect; in two, it had a greater effect than the acid phosphate; in the other five, it had some effect, but less than with acid phosphate.
The rock phosphate was used alone, and not in combination with manure, as has been recommended by several writers.
Lime.-—Hydrated lime at the rate of 400 pounds per acre was used in twelve experiments in 1913. With no fertilizer and no lime, 18.4 bushels corn was produced, on an average; with the lime, 22.5 bushels, thus giving a gain of 4.5 bushels per acre for the lime. In six of the experiments thei additions of lime produced a decrease. Large gains were produced by the lime in three experiments, namely, Liberty county, Matagorda county, and Harris county. The lime had no effect in another experiment in Harris county.
Nitrate of Soda Compared with Cottonseed Meal.—In 1913 and 1914,
tests were run in which 50 pounds nitrate of soda was substituted for
100 pounds cottonseed meal.    The average results in bushels corn per
acre are as follows:
1913.	1914.
Number of tests. .............................   17	32
With 150 Ibs. acid phosphate. 100 Ibs. cottonseed
meal, and 50 Ibs. nitrate of soda. ............  24.6 Bu.    19.4 Bu.
With 150 Ibs. acid phosphate and 200 Ibs. cottonseed meal  .................................   25.3 Bu.    20.6 Bu.
Difference in favor of cottonseed meal. ..........    0.7 Bu.      1.2 Bu.
16
texas agricultural experiment station.
In nineteen tests the nitrate of soda gave better results, the difference in some cases being considerable. The nitrate of soda was added with the other fertilizer before planting. Had it been added as a top dressing after the plants were up, or at a later stage of growth, the results-might very possibly have been more favorable to the nitrate of soda,
PROFITABLE   INCREASE.
It is important to know, not only which fertilizers give increases, but which give profitable increases. Table 7 shows the number of profitable increases, based on the assumption that two bushels increase is profitable. Where two different plots were used an increase is counted if the average gain is two bushels or over, although there may have been no gain with one of the plots.
TABLE  7-—PROFITABLE INCREASES.

	Number of Trials.
	Number Profitable.
	Per Cent Profitable.

	109
	71
	65

	110
	46
	42

	65
	41
	63
	
Potash (added to acid phosphate and   cottonseed
	111
	18
	16

	75
	54
	72

	

	
Manure alone gave profitable results in the greatest number of cases. Then followed acid phosphate alone, and very near, cottonseed meal alone. Cottonseed meal added to acid phosphate gave results in only 42 per cent of the trials; in these experiments the cottonseed meal must make a gain over the gain made by the acid phosphate alone. Potash added to acid phosphate and cottonseed meal gave a gain only in 16 per cent of the cases, or one out of six. This further emphasizes the statement previously made that potash should be used only when it is known to be needed. Where used when it is not known to be needed, the chances are that the addition will be made at a loss.
MIXED FERTILIZERS.
Tables 2 and 3 show the composition of the mixed fertilizers used in these experiments and the average results secured. In many cases the mixed fertilizers were not profitable, and this is still more evident if we compare them with acid phosphate alone.
DETAILED  TABLE   OF   THE   EXPERIMENTS.
These are presented in Tables 8 to 15, inclusive. Descriptions of the experiments are given later.
tO IO IO
ooo to — o
	Laboratory No.
	
Average ...............
	H
3^
	Griffin, Limestone County. . .
	L
/j'
? i> n
a 3
3 <,
	s
3 D
?
s) 1_
?' 0
3 <

	

	

	

	

,

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

h—oi
•vll-l too
	to tot-1
ooo
OOO03
	o
	
tOM
»^CO
	CCtO" OS OHO
	200 Ibs. acid phosphate.
	
wo
	ooo

too
o —
	to — >-> tooto
	200 Ibs.  acid phosphate, 30 Ibs. cottonseed meal.
	
coo
	OOlOl

N3O5 O —
	to — —
OCOO1
	200 Ibs. acid phosphate,    100    Ibs. cottonseed meal.
	
O3<1
	OOitO

h-cji 00 tn
	to — —
i^-OO tO
	200 Ibs. acid phosphate, 30 Ibs. cottonseed   meal,   5 Ibs.   sulphate   of potash.
	
O500
	OOCnci

i-i 01 «3<I
	to to
COO<I
	200 Ibs. acid phosphate, 30 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 12.5 sulphate of potash.
	
l-1!^.
	O1O5CO

aaznnaaj
LI    TI-806I "-MHOQ hxiai
TABLE 9—EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN, 1909—-EXPRESSED IN BUSHELS PER ACRE.
Ifl
H
Laboratory No.
	
	a,
a
o a
o
CM
	0
	o o a«13 'So 6
£ « 1
CM
	0 0
.a o
atn--'
'i° ^
tfi ^ D
5|S
O O.-3
8
	rCj   U
rO— i   C-C
'So K£
- a) <a&
o D"H" n
CM
	'So ^3
.     T Q^ V3 4n «  9>  CU        M
-I|«l
o    *J""
CM
	200 Ibs. cottonseed meal.
	5000 Ibs. manure.
	
203
	
	27.9
	14.0
	29.3
	36.4
	35.0
	35.1

	
204
	
	28.9
	28.0
	28.3
	23.3
	26.0
	23.4

	
205
	
	2.7
	1.9
	4.3
	3.6
	2.6
	3.0
	4.6
	18.1
	
206
	
	5.6
	2.1
	6.4
	8.3
	6.3
	7.1

	
207
	
	27.4
	24.6
	24.6
	26.4
	21.0
	13.7

	
208
	
	20.1
	15.1
	19.0
	21.3
	19.0
	17.3

	
209
	
	35.4
	16.7
	30.1
	30.9
	28.7
	25.6

	
210
	
	30.0
	22.9
	31.4
	19.3
	21.4
	20.0

	
211
	
	22.6
	13.1
	17.1
	16.7
	15.7
	17.7

	
919
	
	21.7
	18.3
	21.7
	26.9
	28.0

	
	
213
	
	20.9
	15.9
	18.1
	20.0
	23.0
	20.7

	
214
	
	7.6
	3.3
	8.4
	8.6
	9.0
	9.4

	
91 ^
	
	8.3
	3.9
	7.1
	7.1
	7.0
	8.4

	

	

	

	

	
	19.9
	13.8
	18.9
	19.1
	18.7
	17.5

	

	

	

	

o
o o
o
GO
TABLE 10—EXPERIMENT   CORN   (SPECIAL),   1910—EXPRESSED   IN   BUSHELS PER  ACRE.

	,

	_

	tn 3

	
	o
	0 0

	
	o o1^1
	0 B    .

	
	A
	M   0

	05

	
o
	
	O.
	^
	
	aoS
	03
E  .
	ftt""c3-2
	a^B
	
^
	
	"O
	iS^ fl
	
	'OCM'O
	O  4)
	•21"1 e'C

	

	

	

	
	03

	CO       ^
	C     03
	03 CD r^  r^
	CSCOq^
	
o

	
	0
	• u c
	• a
	.  -S Ej5 W*J a)      »g

t~,
	
	Its -
	rH cti  c

	.Q 0
	
	a 03 *j

	
	ft
	•«§

	
	""j=oj°

	
	O P.

	O O.O
	o a
	c n*ji: o,
	o o<C

	
	o

	
	o
	o

\
	
	CM
	CM
	
	CM
	(N
	(N
	CM
	
216
	
	48.4
	40.6
	40.0
	43.9
	41.1
	44.4

217
	
	22.9
	23.4
	14.9
	19.4
	17.1
	20.0

218
	
	18.4
	18.6
	15.4
	18.0
	20.7
	19.3

219
	
	10.0
	
	7.1
	7.7
	7.4
	8.3
	6.9

	

	

	

	Total ...................................................
	99.7
	82.6
	77.4
	89.0
	86.3
	92.0

	
	24.9
	27.5
	19.4
	22.3
	21.6
	23.0

	

	

	

to
O
TABLE 11—EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN, 1910, IN BUSHELS PER ACRE.
Laboratory No.
	
	o
43 D.
"5
'o
w
«£
£ a
8*
CN
	23«'
43— o
a   g
S8TJ o     i>
w     Si «5 0
£ «*5 •a o o 0.0
o
CM
	0
	2:9 "3
43 — o £°S
•a cm -3
et-(   U
«• 8
III
•G 0
o ao
o
(M
	M+i^'o
00 43 °^-T ft • « <u
•s=§l|
UO       3
"*«l-1^1    -I
-sgSo o a^S a o
OJ
	200 Ibs. acid phosphate, 60 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 12.5 Ibs. muriate of potash.
	40 loads manure.
	"3— • =343
t*~l (-1
•S&
d qj
a*-
if
_j
	20 loads barnyard manure.
	0
	
220
	
	7.3
	7.7
	5.0
	6.1
	4.6
	6.1
	8.4

	
	
221
	
	9.7
	12.9
	5.9
	10.9
	12.0
	9.3
	
	14.3

	
222
	
	9.3
	7.1
	6.0
	7.3
	7.0
	8.1

	

99^
	
	15.7
	11.1
	17.3
	14.9
	14.1
	14.3.

	

224
	
	30.9
	32.6
	*
	53.6
	66.9
	72.0

	

2°5
	
	22.3
	25.7
	19.0
	30.3
	29.3
	29.3

	

226
	
	12.6
	21.1
	8.6
	20.6
	20.0
	25.7

	

227
	
	38.0
	42.9
	33 . 4
	34.3
	31.1
	37.7

	

228
	Hillsboro, Hill County. ...........................
	20.6
	93  i
	21.4
	24.4
	22.7
	22.4

	25.3

229
	
	6.9
	11.9
	9.3
	11.3
	11.0
	11.1

	

230
	
	12.0
	12.0
	8.0
	21.1
	20.6
	20.0
	29.7

	
	
231
	
	28.3
	27.7
	29.4
	29.1
	29.7
	29.1
	28.3
	
	27.1
	26.0
	
232
	
	38.6
	36.6
	34.3
	38.4
	34.0
	32.7

	

233
	
	17.9
	23.6
	•  21.7
	27.9
	15.7
	25.0
	21.4

	
	
234
	
	28.0
	28.0
	26.3
	51.4
	32.6
	51.4
	52.6

	
	
9^
	
	38.7
	39.9
	42.6
	45.4
	47.3
	36.4
	46.6

	
	
236
	Detroit, Red River County. .......................
	15.7
	16.6
	14.7
	21.6
	18.0
	16.7

	

	
	20.7
	22.4
	17.8
	26.4
	24.5
	22.5

	

	

	25.4

	

	26.2

	

	22.2

	
	
	31.2

	

	

	

	

	
	
o
o o
 
TABLE 12—YIELD OF CORN IN BUSHELS PER ACRE, 1911.
Q
o

	
	
	M O
	6 o
	o o
	Ifi'u'w
	2 5 1> «

	1

6
	
	v
	
	ft
	"0.^73
	
	"ft   E-g.
	•S    P-0 c,   c p.
	
	£
3
	o
	a
	
>)
	
	co
	c" o
	'o
	lo*
	'Gc
	o1"1 o> w^5 CO      ^ oi <*
	'3rt u "js
M           QJ           tfl
	a o
	C 03
s
	oc
CO
	.S
	
O

	*j
	
	-^
	* CJ

	+j

	en

	
	DC
	•o
	«.£
	«3 0
	*-5 n
	
	»,3 o£"o
	~a
	T3
	03
	JS

	
	03

	

	
	
	03
	g

O
	
	tH
	cs
	f"j
	
	"".a 0
	
	i o^1—
	a
	O
	
	^

	

	0 0.
	O P.+J
	
	o acjr-i o
	O ftoM 0
	
	' *

	

	
	
	CD
	CO
	
	CO
	
	z
	
	h

237
	W. W. Winn & Sons, Leon County. ........
	7.1
	7.1
	15.4
	23.0
	23.1
	
	20.1

	
	7.7
	
238
	
	24.0
	24.0
	27.0
	25.8
	28.8
	25.8
	27.0

	

239 240
	
	42.0 16.6
	40.0 12.4
	47.1 18.7
	56.8 19.8
	56.3 20.0
	
	59.5 21.4
	44.0 20.7
	47.8 24.3
	42.7

	

	

	24.7

	

	
241
	
	7.7
	7.7
	14.0
	14.7
	16.6
	18.4

	
	10.0

242
	
	33.1
	33.1
	39 4
	41.7
	40.0
	
	39.4
	
	45.2
	38.3

243
	
	17.8
	17.7
	18.3
	22.4
	23.1
	20.7
	20.4
	17.9
	27.3

	
244
	
	11.0
	11.4
	13.4
	14.8
	15.0
	
	15.1
	10.6
	14.7
	10.0

	

	

	

	

	

	19.9
	19.2
	24.2
	27.4
	27.9

	23.3

	

	

	
	
	21.5
	22.4

	

	

	

	
	29.5
	
	29.0

	

	
	24.0

	

	
	
	31.9

	

	
	
	OK   £\

	

	
	25.3

	

	

	

	

	
o
CO
 
TABLE 13—YIELD OF CORN IN BUSHELS PER ACRE,  1912.
CO
Laboratory No.
	N
	od
T3 C «
o o oc
CO Ui
z
<
	0
	o
0
	o
.a O.
32
'o
0! m v
~l
O ft 10
	200 Ibs. cottonseed meal.
	to to     .
"1
a   g
^o-a oto <a
8  & 111
J3 o
o ao m
	to m   •
J3T3
A      v 0,     c
_0 G 35o-a •3<M V
a    «
«£o •° rt+j
J5o O D« o
m
	150 Ibs. acid phosphate, 200 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 20 Ibs. sulphate of potash.
	150 Ibs. acid phosphate, 200 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 50 Ibs. sulphate of potash.
	10 loads manure.
	a
o v hi
. Q.
J3 0 — ^3 0 0. lO
	to
o
a
^
o
2
•   Q}
5« ji o a
o
CM
	
245
	.1. A. Schneider, Hardin County. . . .
	8.7
	7.7
	9.6
	8.9
	15.3
	17.6
	18.9
	18.1
	16.6
	22.9

	
246
	J. F. Calvin, Coryell County. ......
	47.9
	45.7
	50.0
	41.4
	44.3
	44.3
	45.7
	47.1
	47.1
	38.6
	54 3

247
	C. L. Terrell, Victoria County. ....
	42.5
	43.0
	42.0
	41.9
	42.7
	42.4
	44.1
	45.0
	42.1
	46.3

	
248
	
	17.5
	17.1
	17.9
	24.0
	21.7
	19.4
	21.1
	21.1
	20.6
	23.4
	
	17.7
	
249
	
	27.5
	25.8
	29.2
	26.6
	40.6
	46.8
	42.6
	42.0
	37.8
	42.8
	
	25 4
	
250
	J. C. Lambertson, Victoria County.
	30.6
	24.8
	35.4
	39.4
	41.7
	33.1
	39.4
	41.7
	35.4

	35.4
	
9^1
	E. B. Powers, Ellis County. .......
	29.0
	29.0
	
	23.6
	27.0
	23.6
	23.1
	18.8
	21.2
	21.2

	
9<i9
	H. L. Flowers, Tyler County.
	35 . 5
	35.4
	35 . 6
	37.1
	40.3
	41.0
	40.7
	41.1
	41.4
	41 .3
	
	36.1
	
253
	
	18.5
	18.6
	18.3
	21.4
	22.4
	31.9
	24.3
	24.0
	24.6
	27.9
	
	24.6
	
254
	
	7.1
	8.9
	5.3
	16.7
	17.7
	15.4
	13.6
	16.7

	|9   4

9p;p;
	
	28.6
	28.6
	
	32 9
	31.4
	34.3
	"^^ ^
	35.6
	"?^   Q
	34.6
	
	30 9
	
256
	
	19 8
	19.5
	20.0
	50.3
	26.3
	40.1
	42.9
	42.9
	47.6
	56.9
	
	42.5
	
257
	
	21.8
	21.6
	22.0
	35.3
	27.1
	39.1
	35.3
	38.3
	39.1
	34.3
	
	28.3
	
258
	
	9.9
	10.0
	9.8
	14.0
	20.0
	22 2
	20.0
	19.8
	20.0
	
	9.8

259
	
	21.9
	20.9
	22.9
	20.9
	21.1
	21.7
	22.9
	25.9
	26.1
	31.7
	
	29.0
	
260
	
	26.9
	28.9
	25.0
	28.9
	23.1
	28.9
	25.0
	25.0
	21.2
	34.7
	
	19.3
	
261
	
	15.9
	17.4
	14.4
	19.4
	19.0
	17.1
	17.3
	14.3
	16.3
	17.6
	
	13 9
	
262
	
	13.8
	13.6
	13.9
	14.6
	17.3
	16.4
	20.9
	16.9
	16.9
	15.9
	15.3

	

	

	

	

	

	Total .......................
	449.4
	442.5
	371.3
	497.3
	530.3
	563.2
	533.1
	534.3
	544.5
	535.8

	

	23.5
	23.2
	23.2
	27.6
	27.7
	29.4
	29.6
	29.6

	

	

	

	
	28.7
	
	30.0

	

	
	26.8

	

	

	33.4

	

	19.7

	21.7

	

	
	22 9

	
	24.0

	30.6

	

	
	
	27.5
	
263
	
	26.0
	26.0

	31.3
	32.9

	34.6
	45.7

	

	

	

	

	

	
TABLE 14—YIELD OF CORN IN BUSHELS PER ACRE, 1913.
Laboratory No.
	-
	00
c co
«*-(
0 o 60 CO
0>
	1 0
	8 0
	ra
O
a
'O 'o a
If
o a m
	200 Ibs. cottonseed meal.
	lgl|
oils!
m
	0.3 "«'
ITs
•ll-g
o a° in
	•   . ***+
Aw.- 0
J25S.2 o   ^
llpl
-a oc o o auoj a m
	150 Ibs. acid phosphate, 200 Ibs. cottonseed meal, 50 Ibs. sulphate of potash.
	10 loads manure.
	400 Ibs. lime.
	
264
	
	29.9
	32.7
	27.1
	31.9
	33.0
	32.0
	29.4
	32.0
	32.0
	37.9
	27.6
	
265
	
	7.4
	7.4
	
	25.6
	22.1
	31.8
	33.4
	19.1
	18.1
	20.1
	36.4
	
266
	
	22.7
	23.6
	20.9
	27.9
	24.3
	28.6
	21.7
	29.3
	37.1
	22.1
	23.7
	
267
	
	24.5
	22.1
	26.9
	27.7
	32.0
	32.6
	35.0
	32.3
	36.1
	34.4
	23.7
	
268
	
	23.4
	24.3
	22.6
	27.1
	25.7
	28.0
	26.5
	28.1
	30.6
	31.9

269
	
	13.1
	14.7
	11.5
	19.0
	12.5
	16.5
	18.2
	21.5
	30.5
	27.8

270
	
	10.6
	10.6
	
	12.3
	11.3
	9.9
	10.0
	10.3
	9.7
	12.1

271
	
	10.7
	7.3
	14.0
	q 7
	9.3
	
	16.9
	8.9
	15.6
	6.8
	7.9
	
272
	
	41.0
	49.9
	32.0
	25.7
	31.6
	32.9
	34.0
	35.4
	42.7
	36.9

273
	
	20.1
	19.7
	20.6
	26.6
	34.0
	32.9
	34.6
	35.1
	36.0
	31.4

274
	J. G. Wilson, Wood County. ..............
	18.9
	18.9
	18.9
	19.3
	24.0
	20.6
	22.3
	21.7
	21.7
	26.3
	17.7
	
97^
	
	24.0
	24.0
	
	27.3
	30.6
	36.9
	43.9
	46.3
	49.9

	
276
	
	8.5
	9.0
	8.1
	14.6
	12.7
	14.3
	14.3
	15.4
	14.3
	11.7
	23.0
	
277
	
	11.0
	11.4
	10.7
	10.9
	19.9
	20.3
	16.3
	16.6
	18.9
	
	15.0
	
278
	R. M. Walker, Llano County. .............
	32.8
	33.4
	31.3
	49.0
	27.4
	37.1
	26.0
	35.0
	18.3
	33.0
	27.7
	
279
	J. B. Milstead, Rusk County. .............
	11.5
	12.9
	10.1
	10.7
	13.1
	11.1
	9.3
	9.6
	10.6
	11.4
	7.0
	
280
	
	14.6
	14.3
	15.0
	17.1
	17.9
	19.3
	18.6
	19.6
	20.0
	
	15.7
	
281
	
	28.0
	22.4
	33.6
	31.3
	35.1
	37.6
	37.1
	39.0
	39.3
	33.3
	44.6

	

	

	

	

	

	Total ...............................
	352.7
	358.6
	303.1
	413.7
	416.5
	442.4
	447.5
	455.2
	481.4
	377.1
	270.0

	
	19.6
	19.9
	9O   9
	23.0
	23 1

	25.3
	26.7

	
282

	62.8

	
	
	72.2
	66.3

	
	
283

	
	
	21.7
	28.1
	42.6
	40.6
	40.0
	37.1

	

	20.2

	

	

	25.1

	
	18.4

	

	

	
	22.5

	

	

	24.6
	25.3

	

	

	

	

	

	
24
texas agricultural experiment station.
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c-c w-g ^Sg ^ ff -6 g a^~ -2-H o£ « S 5 ^ « S5 « « «•£
. •».        .. ^ s. .....,.    . •-<=>~^-
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    25
composition of the soils.
The composition of a number of the soils used in the experiments in 1911, 1912, 1913, and 1914 are presented in Table 16. Analyses made in connection with the previous experiments were published in a previous bulletin. It is our intention to discuss fully the composition of these soils, and the relation of chemical analysis, pot experiments, and the field experiments in a subsequent publication.
TABLE  16—COMPOSITION  OF SOILS.

	W. W. Winn & Son, Leon County No. 237
	G. W. McVey, Madison County No. 238
	L. L. Lanford, Comanche County No. 240
	C. B. Holmes, Trinity Countv No. 241
	W.   E.   Heinsohn, Austin Countv No. 242
	S. K. Cannon, Be ar County No. 244

	Surface 4308
	Subsoil 4309
	Surface 4297
	Subsoil 4298
	Surface 5957
	Subsoil 5958
	Surface 4370
	Subsoil 4371
	Surface 4338
	Subsoil 4339
	Surface 4310
	Subsoil 4.311
	
Percent: —
	.015 .024 .08 .11 .08 1.08 97.86 1.42 .17
8.1 85.0 200
	.018 .020 .16 .21 .09 2.28 95.82 .92 1.05
4.4 75.0 0
	.045 .084 .195 .18 .25 4.64 87.96 3.31 1.56
28.12 226 :2 300
	.043 .070 .305 .23 .24 16.30 69 . 32 4.61 7.29
6.88 208.7 500
	.095 .129 .88 1.06 .34 14.71 67.45 7.34 7.00
30.0 587.5 0
	.056 .132 .95 1.04 .46 16.50 65.58 7.83 7.22
32.5 44.0 0
	.01 .043 .07 .29 .12 1.51 94 . 28 1.54 .57
10.6 68.7 300
	.028 .035 .035 .09 .18 2.62 94.37 1.69 .59
7.5 66.2 300
	.099 .111 .365 10.23 .47 9.12 58.84 10.48 8.11
56.3 192.5 0
	.085 .104 .325 13.31 2.04 9.65 49.30 12.01 6.23
25.00 37.50 0
	.02 .033 .135 .22 .11 1.36 96.43 1.23 .35
15.6 206.2 0
	.013 .022 .145 .28 .10 1.44 96.44 .99 .38
6.8 154.2 0

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

Parts Per Million: —

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	J. F. Calvin, Coryell County No. 246
	C. L. Terre.ll, Victoria County No. 247
	Chas. Caletka, Austin County No. 249
	J. C. Lambertson, Victoria County No. 250
	Louis Otten, Fayette County          * No. 255
	F. H. Faatz,
Matagorda County No. 256

	Surface 7151
	Subsoil 7152
	Surface 7373
	Subsoil 7374
	Surface 7093
	Subsoil 7094
	Surface 7091
	Subsoil 7092
	Surface 7118
	Subsoil 7119
	Surface 7116
	Subsoil 7117
	
Percent: —
	.075 .130 .980 2.76 .53 15.58 60.43 8.55 9.08
36.9 578.8
	.061 .095 1.005 2.68 .61 17.24 58 . 38 7.99 9.34
30.6 315.0
	.090 .157 .595 8.61 .19 8.46 66.22 7.72 3.64
70.3 271.2
	.083 .122 .39 9.97 .10 5.47 70.43 7.30 3.04
68.7 162.5
	.030 .036 .048 .17 .08 .71 97.82 .84 .13
25.0 121.2 215
	.054 .036 .065 .12 .14 1. .28 97.15 1.00 .16
26.8 122.5 200
	.037 .031 .25 .17 .12 .89 97.60 .84 .28
16.8 121.2 0
	.023 .043 .185 .37 .16 6.97 86.39 2.41 2.54
13.1 136.2 0
	.068 .089 .190 9.18 .46 7.47 60.54 7.41 6.06
22.5 110. 0
	.070 .062 .305 13 . 05 .43 11.36 53 . 37 8.64 5.50
13.1 15.0
	.033 .09 .13 .09 .13 2.30 94 . 56 2.26 .50
112.1 112.5 464
	.034 .074 .60 .29 .55 12.68 75.37 5.39 4.52
11.2 148.7 230

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

Parts Per Million : —

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	
TABLE  16—COMPOSITION OF SOILS—Continued.
0 o o

	Jas. Burns, San Saba County No. 259
	Wm. M. Plaster, Grimes County No. 260
	C. E. Ormand, Smith County No. 263
	W. L. Campbell, Red River County No. 264
	T. G. Nelson, Liberty County
No. 265
	H. D. Farquhar, Waller County No. 267

	Surface 4340
	Subsoil 4341
	Surface 4383
	Subsoil 4384
	Surface 10146
	Subsoil 10147
	Surface 7621
	Subsoil 7622
	Surface
7708
	Subsoil 7709
	Surface 7153
	Subsoil 7154
	
Percent: —
	.07 .105 .71 7.23 .61 12.17 60.00 7.81 9.05
27.82 266.3 0
	.043 .042 .685 9.84 .59 12.55 58.06 7.57 6.04
5.00 83.1 0
	.031 .041 .045 .91 .07 1.57 94.27 1.69 .96
18.7 90.0 0
	.047 .047 .06 .28 .09 7.67 82.64 3.96 4.36
8.1 75 0

	.033 .044 .07 .52 .09 1.23 96.22 1.28 .24
42.5 95.0 0
	.022 .052 .105 .18 .12 3.33 94.15 1.37 .54
17.5 63.7 0
	.032 .138 .12 .57 .12 4.81 87.03 1.42 4.79
22.5 85.9 0
	.013 .044 .14 .78 .14 6.78 84.98 3.4S 2.25
11.8 8.75 0
	.042 .049 .085 .21 .07 1.42 96.16 1.36 .43
49.7 105.6 0
	.025 .029 .065 .13 .05 1.49 96.88 .83 .35
10.6 147.5 0

	

	
	.022 .07 .04 .04 1.29 97.30 .58 .17
10.6 90.0 0
	.026 .09 .05 .08 2.09 96.86 .82 .25
3.7 91.2 0

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	
Parts Per Million: —

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	Max Lindegger, DeWitt
County No. 268
	French & Frazier, Colorado County No. 269
	J. J. Nichols, Leon County No. 273
	J. G. Wilson, Wood County No. 274
	J. M. Singletary, Polk County No. 275
	C. A. Lindbloom, Matagorda County No. 276

	Surface 7110
	Subsoil 7111
	Surface 7244
	Subsoil 7245
	Surface 7108
	Subsoil 7109
	Surface 7233
	Subsoil 7234
	Surface 7341
	Subsoil 7342
	Surface 7359
	Subsoil 7360
	
Percent: —
	.023 .11 .103 .39 .22 4.00 89.95 3.05 1.84
22.8 175.6 0
	.051 .086 .33 .62 .23 8.61 81.49 4.51 4.01
8.1 97.5
	.018 .038 .06 .32 .09 1.20 96.40 1.27 .32
17.8 50.6 200
	.014 .038 .04 .07 .06 2.03 96.55 .95 .33
7.5 47.5 230
	.062 .052 .053 .11 .08 .72 97.35 .91 .19
265.3 187.5 230
	.034 .025 .055 .06 .07 .75 97.27 .57 .20
15.0 176.2 230
	.022 .044 .040 .32 .10 .87 97.43 1.29 .23
18.1 67.5 0
	.033 .044 .035 .14 .07 .53 98.52 .41 .14
15.6 66.2 200
	.038 .105 .21 1.49 .29 17.99 62.93 9.17 8.48
22.2 161.3
	.030 .055 .225 3.14 .11 17.50 59.45 7.93 7.71
20.6 90.0
	.069 .108 .225 .24 .21 4.79 89.26 3.69 1.49
92 . 2 185.0 0
	.062 .095 .35 .24 .17

	

	

	

	

	
Potash ................................

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	
	
	3.92 2.95
149.0   j 168.0  j
0 j^

	

	

	

	

	
Parts Per Million: —

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	
to
00
TABLE  16—COMPOSITION OF SOILS—Continued.

	J. B. Milstead, Rusk County No. 279
	P. E. Smith, Houston County No. 280
	Ira Fleming, Harris County
No. 281
	R. C. Aiken, Matagorda County No. 284
	J. M. Ashley, Rusk County No. 285
	O. J. Berry, Rusk County
No. 288

	Surface 7349
	Subsoil 7350
	Surface 7347
	Subsoil 7348
	Surface 7357
	Subsoil 7358
	Surface 9353
	Subsoil 9354
	Surface 9932
	Subsoil 9933
	Surface 9285
	Subsoil 9286
	
Percent: —
	.024 .042 .045 .28 .02 .72 97.51 0.96 0.14
46.3 105.6 400
	.021 .024 .07 .31 .11 .96 97.60 0.68 0.11
83.7 116.2 0
	.057 .065 .06 .19 .09 .73 96.94 1.33 0.24
48.1 102.5 0
	.025 .029 .03 .22 .10 .83 97 . 67 0.76 0.18
38.4 87.5 0
	.036 .113 .18 .46 .11 7.95 83.26 5.20 3.15
17.0 104.0 0
	.028 .082 .20 .87 .16 8.65 80.17 4.99 3.63
16.2 137.5
	.037 .081 .115 .16 .08 2.14 94.25 2.14 .56
11.9 80.6 230
	'.027 .060 .24 .09 .10 6.20 87.16 3.01 2.39
9.4 106.2 230
	.058 .065 .06 .21 .09 3.21 94.86 1.50 .33
19.4 128.7 230
	.056 .038 .09 .18 .10 6.59 90.74 2.03 .67
	.029 .027 .03 .35 .03 1.03 97.52 .87 .17
13.4 60.0 0
	.029 .022 .07 .07 .07 2.08 96.50 .93 .33
10.6 70.0 0

	

	

	

	

	
Potash ................................

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

Parts Per Million: —

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	
	
	0

	

	

	

	

	

	J. A. Callaway, Henderson County No. 291
	F. 0. Dudley, Harris County No. 292
	T. M. Goodell, Henderson County No. 294
	J. S. Hathcock, Walker County No. 295
	T. L. Johnson, Wood County No. 297
	Andy Castl, Brazoria County No. 298

	Surface 9809
	Subsoil 9810
	Surface 9347
	Subsoil 9348
	Surface 9179
	Subsoil 9180
	Surface 9281
	Subsoil 9282
	Surface 9173
	Subsoil 9174
	Surface 9307
	Subsoil 9308
	
"    xr^if' •, , —
\d. effcent: —
	.042 .036 .07 .05 .06 1.19 97.72 .98 .22
18.1 68.7 0
	.037 .030 .06 .10 .05 1.62 98.16 .58 .19
6.2 36.2 0
	.038 .122 .063 .50 .11 5.56 86.01 4.40 2.38
19.7 72.5
	.022 .059 .09 .52 .15 6.01 86.67 2.65 3.32
10.0 50.0
	.041 .052 .10 .22 .09 2.66 94.00 1.86 .62
11.9
87.5 0
	.031 .044 .215 .04 .12 8.66 85.26 2.96 1.76
3.1
63.7 230
	.039 .067 .04 .13 .12 1.98 93.60 1.79 .58
37.5 65.6 230
	.017 .043 .07 .14 .11 3.37 92.78 1.68 1.21
15.6
47.5 230
	.041 .041 .095 .26 .07 1.53 96.23 1.32 .25
17.5 116.2 0
	.037 .023 .09 .12 .13 1.57 95.95 1.02 .30
11.8
73.7 0
	.062 .121 .485 .72 .33 11.03 75.66 6.50 4.62
17.5 203.7 0
	.030 .083 .59 .71 .38 13.85 71.36 6.97 5.92
11.9 132.5 0

	

	

	

	

	
Potash

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

Parts Per Million: —

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	

	
TABLE  16—COMPOSITION  OF SOILS—Continued.
J. B. Riley,
Tyler
County
No. 307
J. H. Shepherd,
Wood
County
No. 301
D. T. McKee, Reeves County No. 303
J. C. King, Parker County No. 299
J. O. Rivers, Navarro County No. 300
J. D. McLeod,
Polk County No. 304
O o
O

Subsoil 9350
Subsoil 8835
Surface 9934
Subsoil 9935
Surface 9981
Subsoil 9140
Surface 8834
Surface 9349
Subsoil 9982
Surface 9139
.122
.057
0.66
6.83
1.07
6.29
74.73
6.93
2.04
0.038
.108
.29
1.44
0.88
17.30
63.98
8.21
9.15
046
.032
.08
.22
.07
80
16
94
21
.037
.056
.083
.47
.07
1.48
95.79
1.30
.30
.034 .039 .245 .11 .09 7.66 -86.69 2.61 1.67
.101
.049
.66
9.16
.92
6.98
70.27
8.11
2.54
.033
.043
.32
1.68
1.04
18.95
61.36
8.11
8.86
.035
.026
.035
.59
.07
2.25
93.95
1.19
.86
.040
.052
.13
.30
.15
1.48
95.07
1.58
.78
.044
.060
.255
.20
.39
7.68
84.28
3.45
3.53
97
18.1
101.2
7.5
28.0
230
123.8
62.0
460
390.6
452.5
230
171.9
337.5
0
35.6
103.7
0
10.6
131.2
0
37.5
126.2
0
111.2
230
262.5
0

	Surface 9327
	Subsoil 9328
	
Percent: —
	.058
	.068

	.101
	.108
	
Potash ................................
	.335
	.385

	.50
	2.09

	.12
	.22

	5.84
	7.18

	86.20
	78.84

	3.78
	4.89

	2.73
	3.91
	
Parts Per Million: —
	97.8
	106.9

	273.1
	147.5

	0

	

 
S. F. Vaughn, Harrison County No. 315
H. A. Saathoff. Harris Gouty No. 308
E. B. Stedman, Grimes County No. 310
E. H. Smith, Liberty County No'. 311
E. H. Watson,
Polk County No. 313
J. B. Davis. Grimes
County No. 314
A. J. Singleton, Jasper County No. 309

Subsoil 9944
	Surface 9163
	
.031
	.025
	
.028
	.037
	
.09
	.025
	
1.05
	.05
	
.45
	.11
	
5.82
	.88
	
87.84
	96.04
	
2.60
	1.77
	
2.93
	.34
	
13.7
	27.5
	
56.2
	35.0

	230

	
	
Surface [Subsoil
Surface Subsoil
Surface Subsoil
Surface Subsoil
Subsoil 9162
9379
9334
9384
9943
9301
9378
9333
9385
9164
9300
Percent:— Phosphoric Acid...........
Nitrogen..................
Pptash...................
Lime......................
Magnesia................
Alumina and Oxide of Iron. Insoluble and Soluble Silica. Loss on Ignition..........
Moisture.................
.038
.035
.19
.06
.13
6.42
88.90
2.20
1.79
.028
.029
.055
.10
.10
2.04
95.88
1.20
.48
.050
. 033
.085
.13
.14
2.60
94.57
1.49
.45
.026
.045
.08
.34
.34
4.22
90.83
2.29
2.21
.042
.044
.10
.16
.13
2.98
95.04
1.33
.36
.067
.070
.485
.09
.22
18.75
67.58
5.60
5.98
.040
.090
.065
.15
.11
1.92
94.09
.77
.66
.040
.028
.075
.28
.09
1.83
95.81
1.11
.54
.028
.047
.22
.04
.21
11.06
80.05
3.55
4.07
.029
.049
.075
.24
.09
1.51
95.64
3.35
.41
.038
.073
.22
.40
.21
11.82
75.86
4.79
4.69
.015
.034
.03
.02
.10
2.60
94.95
1.31
.48
O
o
w
o
GO
Parts Per Million-Active Phosphoric Acid.   . . .
Active Potash.............
Acidity. ..................
f" to
10.0
125.0
230
28.8
92.5
0
7.5
57.5
0
7.5
107.5
0
5.0
50.0
0
28.7
122.5
0
10.9
86.9
0
7.5
197.5
460
21.9
141.2
0
30.3
76.3
0
15.6
47.5
0
13.8
41.2
460

*Total falinre.
 
30	texas ageicultural experiment station.
index to experiments by counties.
Anderson   .............................................213, 244a
Austin ................................................242, 249
Bastrop   ...................................................   258
Bee   ......................................................  218
Bexar   ....................................................   244
Bowie   ................................................. 200, 205
Brazoria   .......................................... 216, 286, 298
Brown ....................................................   261
Colorado   .............................................. 254, 269
Comanche   .................................................   240
Coryell   ...................................................   246
Denton   ...................:............................206, 221
DeWitt  ...................................................  268
Ellis   .....................................................  251
Erath   ............................................ 220, 231, 270
Falls   .....................................................  287
Fayette   ...................................................  255
Grayson   ............................................... 211, 214
Grimes   ........................................... 260, 310, 314
Hale   .....................................................  201
Hardin   ...................................................   245
Harris. ..................... .239, 257, 266, 281, 282, 290, 292, 308
Harrison   ................................'.......... 208, 223, 315
Henderson..................................... 224, 271, 291, 294
Hill   ......................................................   228
Hopkins   ............................................... 233, 289
Houston  ................ ^ ..................................  280
Jasper   ....................................................   309
Jefferson   .................................................   219
Kendall  ...................................................  243
Leon............................. 207, 212, 227, 229, 230, 237, 273
Liberty   ........................................... 203,  265, 311
Limestone..................................... 202, 215, 222, 248
Llano   ....................................................  278
Madison   ..................................................  238
Matagorda   ........................................ 256, 276, 284
Milam   ....................................................  225
Montgomery  ...............................................  272
Navarro   ..................................................   300
Newton   ...................................................  293
Nueces ....................................................  262
Parker ....................................................  299
Polk   ............................................. 275, 304, 313
Red River. ....................................217, 234, 236, 264
Reeves   ....................................................  303
Rusk. ........................................ .279, 285, 288, 296
Sabine  ....................................................  302
San Saba .................................................  259
Smith  ....... „. ....................................... .235, 263
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    31
Tarrant  ...................................................  226
Titus   ................................................. 209, 283
Travis   ....................................................   204
Trinity   ................................................ 241, 306
Tyler.........................................252, 277, 307, 312
Upshur  ...................................'...............   232
Victoria   ............................................... 247, 250
Van Zandt  ............................. s..................  305
Walker  ................................................ 210, 295
Waller    ............................................... 253, 262
Wood ............................................. 274, 297, 301
DETAILS  OF THE  EXPERIMENTS.
The following are the details of the cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn in 1911, 1912, 1913, and 1914. They are arranged in alphabetical order according to the name of the cooperators. The numbers refer to the experiment numbers given in the table. The numbers are given for purposes of reference only.
details of experiments—1911.
S. K. Cannon, Loire, Bexar County.—Experiment 244. Land located eighteen miles west of Floresville. Moderate soil, uniform in character and produces from fifteen to twenty bushels of corn. In cultivation about twenty-six years. Almost level upland. Probably Orangeburg fine sandy loam. Surface soil gray in color with a slight reddish tint. Subsoil a red or mottled red stiff clay twenty to twenty-four inches deep. Broken December 19. Good results with barnyard manure. This land had not been manured in the last ten years. The corn was planted March 20, and was harvested August 26, 1911. Four rows four feet apart and two hundred and eighty feet long. Plowed once with cultivator, and cultivated with sweep to keep down weeds and grass and to conserve moisture. Crops were damaged somewhat by rabbits, and the yield was cut short by dry weather. The corn had no rain after May 20. The extreme heat seemed to do much damage. Area per plot, 0.1 acre.
Description of Nos. 4310-4311: Depth, 0"-12". Located in the southeast corner of Bexar county, one mile northwest from corner. G-. J. Kenney survey, abstract 412, Crt. 695, survey 1367. Sample taken near northwest line and fifty yards east of a ditch through the field. This is upland soil of moderate fertility and good drainage. It is locally known as post oak land. It produces one-third bale of cotton and fifteen to twenty bushels of corn. Corn and cotton are the principal crops. No fertilizer has been applied. Native vegetation is sage grass and post oak. The soil is a dark brown sand. Crops grow slowly in the early spring, and well in dry seasons, when the soil retains moisture well. The soil is soggy in wet seasons. It packs and crumbles but does not crack. It does not wash much, and very little dirt washes onto it. The land has been under cultivation for twenty-seven years. It represents two-thirds of the farm, and one-thirtieth to one-fortieth of the countv. No green crops have been plowed under;
32	texas agricultural experiment station.
manure was applied ten years ago with good results. Sweet potatoes rot in the ground: cotton did also formerly. Land used to produce much heavier yields.
No. 4311: Depth, 12"-24". Subsoil to 4310. This soil is light brown and sandy.
F. R. Fisher, Sisierdale, Kendall County.—Experiment 243. Located twelve miles south of Boerne and twelve miles west of Comfort. Uniform land, producing twenty-five bushels oats, and in cultivation twenty-nine years. Bottom land close to river and consists of sediments of the river. Surface soil is a sandy loam of a dark color. The subsoil contains much gravel. The land was plowed twelve inches deep in October. Has had barnyard manure every four or five years, and it has increased the crop about 30 per cent. It is used at the rate of about fifteen loads to the acre. The land used was not manured for the last five years. The corn was planted March 3 and harvested August 20, 1911. Two rows planted three and a half feet apart, six hundred feet long. Crop plowed four times and hoed once. All rows were damaged a little by worms. The corn had no rain at all after May 2. Area per plat, .094 acre.
W. E. Heimsolin, Route 1, New Ulm, Colorado County.—Experiment 242. Moderately uniform soil, producing about twenty-five bushels of corn. In cultivation about forty-three years. The surface soil is a black loam mixed with a little sand. The subsoil is a clay with a little sand. The soil was broken in November. Barnyard manure gave good results ten years ago. The corn was planted March 6 and harvested September 9, 1911. Four rows three and three-quarters feet apart and two hundred and eighty feet long. The manure used was fresh and mixed with oat straw. Area per plat, .094 acre.
Descriptions of soils, Nos. 4338-4339: Depth, 0"-8". Located seven miles east of Fayetteville, a little northeast, Fayette county. Sample taken in center of field, one hundred and fifty yards west of the dwelling. The soil is moderate in fertility. It produces one-fourth bale of cotton and twenty-five bushels of corn per acre. Corn, cotton, and sometimes oats are grown. Fertilizer has been used. The native vegetation is buffalo grass and weeds. The soil is a rolling, black clay loam. The drainage is good. Water never stands on the land, which does not get sticky in wet seasons. The soil does not pack or crack, but it dries too quickly and crumbles when cultivated. It does not wash and dirt does not wash onto it. It has been under cultivation for forty-two years. It represents eight acres of the farm. No green crops have ever been plowed under. Twenty loads per acre of wet barnyard manure have been applied with -good results. Cotton dies badlv of root-rot, which, however, did not occur in 1910.
No. 4339: Depth, 8"-17". Subsoil to 4338. This soil is a black clay.
0. B. Holmes, Penning ton, Trinity County.—Experiment 241. Gray sandy prairie land, located nineteen miles west of Pennington. Uni-
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    33
form, moderately fertile in character and produces about fifteen bushels of corn. In cultivation about thirty or forty years. Upland sandy loam prairie, and timbered soil, with a whitish chalky clay, hard joint subsoil. Fertilizers give good results on this land. The land was broken in January, planted May 13, and the corn harvested October 20, 1911. Four rows, four feet apart and two hundred and forty feet long. This is not a fair test for the fertilizer, as he had to plant three times on account of rain in April. The land was well prepared and cultivated very shallow with sweeps. The first plot suffered about 15 per cent from wash. Area per plot, .086 acre.
Description of soils, Nos. 4370-4371: Depth, 0"-12". Located two miles west of Pennington, Trinity county, southeast of Groveton, the nearest railroad town, on the Jones place, Tascum league, Dailey survey. This is upland soil of moderate fertility, locally called "gray prairie/' It produces fifteen bushels of corn and one-third bale of cotton per acre. Corn and cotton are the principal crops. No fertilizer has been applied. The native vegetation is crab grass. The soil is a gray or brownish sand, locally known as "gray prairie." The drainage is good. It behaves well in wet and dry seasons, but badly in very wet spells. It packs and runs together and crumbles on drying. It does not crack much. Little dirt washes onto it and none washes off. The land has been under cultivation about forty years. It represents one hundred acres of the farm, and about 10 per cent of the county. No green crops have ever been plowed under, nor has manure been applied.
No. 4371: Depth, 12"-24". This is the subsoil to 4370, and is a gray or brownish fine sand.
L. L. Lanford, Blanket, Comanche County.—Experiment 240. The land is located about eight miles west of Comanche. It is a moderate soil, uniform in character, and produces about twenty-five bushels of corn and one-half bale of cotton, and thirty-five bushels of oats. It has been in cultivation fifteen years. It is upland prairie land, the surface soil is a black clay and the subsoil is a dark red. sticky, tight clay. The land was broken about January 1 and bedded. The corn was planted March 9 and harvested September 15, 1911. Eight rows four feet apart and one hundred and thirty-eight feet long. Each row of the plots was opened about eight or ten inches deep with a middle buster and then the fertilizer was applied. The corn was then planted with a walking planter, with a small plow in front of the seed hopper, preventing direct contact of the seed and fertilizer. All of the crops were damaged by drought. No. 1 was on the west side and the reporter thought that it did not have a good chance to be pollenized; the corn suffered from hot winds and drought from the first of May until the 17th of June, when a rain came. The tassels were about all dry at that time, and the rain did little good. Area per plat, .099 acre.
Description of soils, Nos. 5957-5958: Depth, 0"-9". Located eight miles west of Comanche, Comanche county,' one mile south of Logans Gar> in a bend in the mountains. Abstract No. 134, Comanche county school lands. This is an upland soil and is considered moderately good.
34	texas agricultural, experiment station.
It is locally known as "black land." It produces one-half bale of cotton, twenty-five bushels of corn and thirty-five bushels of oats per acre. The crops grown are corn, cotton., wheat, oats, milo, and kafir. No fertilizer has been applied except that in 1911 under the co-operation experiment. The native vegetation is mesquite, post oak, live oak, and mesquite grass. The soil is a black sandy loam and clay, locally known as "black land," which gets very sticky in wet seasons. It is easy to control in dry seasons. The soil packs, crumbles, and on drying cracks to considerable depth. The under drainage is poor; the surface drainage is moderate. It washes in places. The land has been under cultivation for eighteen years. It represents 80 per cent of the farm and 25 per cent of the county. Weeds and goose grass plowed under on five acres gave extra good results. Cotton dies in spots and sweet potatoes rot.
No. 5958: Depth, 9"-21". Subsoil to 5957. This soil is a brown clay.
James McSweeney, Satsuma, Harris County.—Experiment 239. Mod-"erate uniform soil, in cultivation about fifteen years and produced about thirty-five bushels of corn per acre in 1910. Level prairie land and located about eighteen miles northwest of Houston and is locally called a light sandy soil. The surface soil is sandy; the subsoil is a heavy clay from six inches to three feet below the surface. The land was broken in October and planted with rye and rape and was broken again in February. The land has been fertilized with barnyard manure nearly every year. The corn was planted March 11 and was harvested October 2, 1911. Four rows per plot, three feet six inches apart and two hundred and eighty feet long. The land was plowed deep and thoroughly prepared. The fertilizer was drilled and the rows were opened with a lister. The ground was dragged to partially fill the rows, corn drilled and cultivated frequently but shallow. Plots two and three were damaged fully 10 per cent more than the others by rain. All of the crops were damaged; first, by too much rain, and later by very dry weather. Area per plat, .0875 acre.
G. W. McVey, Madisonville, Madison County.—Experiment 238. Located eight miles north of Madison. The land is moderately fertile and uniform in character and has been in cultivation six years. It produces about eighteen bushels of corn per acre. It is unland and is known as post oak land. The surface soil is white with a very stiff mottled clay subsoil. The land was broken about January 1. The corn was planted March 6 and harvested August 10, 1911. The fertilizer was applied in drills before planting and each plot consisted of seven tows, planted three feet ten inches apart and two hundred and seventy-nine feet long. The land was plowed twice with a double shovel and once with an eighteen-inch sweep. Plot, .167 acre. (Yield corrected.)
Description of soils, Nos. 4297-4298. Depth, 0"-12". Located nine miles north of Madisonvilie, Madison county, John Clute survey. This
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    35
is a rolling upland soil. It produces one-half bale cotton and twenty bushels of corn per acre. Corn and cotton are the principal crops. No fertilizer had been applied. The vegetation is wood grass. The soil is a black clay, which becomes sticky in wet seasons and dusty in dry. It is locally called "post oak." It does not pack or crumble, but cracks into fine cracks on top. It washes a little, but dirt does not wash onto it. The land has been under cultivation for seven years. It represent? one hundred acres of the farm and two-thirds of the county. No green crops have been plowed under and no manure has been applied. No. 4398: Depth, 12"-24". This is the subsoil to 4297 and is a dark brown clay.
W. W. Winn & Son, Marquez, Leon County.—Experiment 237. Uniform soil, moderately poor, in cultivation about thirty years, and produces about ten bushels corn per acre. The surface soil is a light sandy upland, the subsoil is a yellow sandy clay. Fertilizer produces good results on this soil. The land was broken about February 1 and the corn planted March 6 and harvested August 20. -Three rows planted, three and a half feet apart and four hundred and twenty feet long. All the crops were injured by dry weather. Area per plot, .0985 acre.
Description of soils, Nos/4308-4309: Depth, 0"-7". Located one mile west of Marquez, Leon county. Conception survey, section 56, block eighteen acres. This is upland soil and is considered poor. It produces about four hundred pounds of cotton and ten bushels of corn per acre. No fertilizer has been applied to this land. The native vegetation is black jack, hickory, and sage grass. The soil is a light gray sand with poor drainage, the farm being on a level hill. It gets mushy in wet seasons, drying to a loose sand. It packs but does not crack. The soil washed. The land has been under cultivation for thirty years. It represents one hundred acres of this farm and one-fifth of the county. No green crop has ever been plowed under, but two tons of manure was applied per acre ten years ago with good results.
No. 4309. Depth, V-19". This is the subsoil to No. 4308 and is a light yellow fine sand.
8.  L.  Home, Frarikstnn.,  Anderson  County.—No.  244a.    Moderate land, fairly uniform, produces fifteen bushels corn and one-third bale of cotton.    In cultivation eighteen to twenty years.    Lierht colored sandy surface soil, with a sandy subsoil.    Commercial fertilizers give fairly satisfactory results.    Corn planted March 30, 1911, harvested October 2, 1911.    Four rows per plot, four feet apart, two hundred and eighty feet long.    Ground broken in February, six inches deep and thoroughly harrowed  twice before planting.    All plots were seriously affected by dry weather.    Area per plot, 0.1 acre.
Bu. Corn per Acre. -1 load manure   ...............................   11.1
1 load manure and 20 Ibs. acid phosphate. .......   12.6
1 load manure and 100 Ibs. rock phosphate. ......  20.4
No addition  ..................................  15.4
36	texas agkicultueal experiment station.
Bu. Corn per Acre. 20 Ibs. acid phosphate. .........................   18.2
20 Ibs. Thomas phosphate. ......................  21.6
No addition  ..................................   18.6
Description of soils, Nos. 4747-4748: Depth, 0" to 8". Located two miles east of Frankston, Anderson county, south of and adjoining the Texas & New Orleans Eailroad, called "Four Acre Black." Joseph Ferguson survey. The sample was sent by S. L. Home. This is well drained upland, rolling, and of moderate fertility. It produces eighteen bushels of corn and one-third bale of cotton per acre. No fertilizer has been applied. The native vegetation is hickory, oak, pine, berry vines, etc. The soil is a gray sand, which seems to absorb a great deal of water, as it sustains crops through considerable drought. It does not pack or crack, and crumbles on drying. Dirt does not wash onto it and very little washes off. It has been cultivated for twelve to fifteen years. The sample represents one-half of the farm and one-half of the neighborhood. -No green crops have ever been plowed under, and no manure has been applied. There are no peculiarities.
No. 4748: Depth, S"-20". Subsoil to 4747. This soil is a yellow to red sand.
details of experiments—1912.
Charles A. Bart a, SmitJiville, Bastrop County.—Experiment 258. Moderate soil, spotted, produces twenty-five bushels corn, in cultivation ten years, hillside land. Dark loam surface soil underlaid with clay from red to light yellow in color. Depth of surface soil 4-8 inches. Corn planted February 23, harvested August 23, 1912; two rows per plot, forty-two inches apart, two hundred and eighty feet long. 0.05 acre per plot, yield corrected.
James Burns. San Saba, San Sab a County.—Experiment 259. Good uniform soil, produces eighteen bushels corn, one-third bale cotton, fifteen bushels wheat, forty bushels oats. Flat mesquite land, second bottom, black loam surface soil with dark brown surface soil, below which is a clay. Corn planted April 17, harvested August 26; one row to plot, forty inches apart, 1240 feet long. Broke deep in winter and harrowed once before planting, twice after; plowed three times. Crop damaged by dnr weather. Rotation of crops with legumes is sufficient to maintain fertility.
Description of soils, Nos. 4340-4341. Depth. 0"-12". Located one and one-fourth miles southeast from San Saba, San Saba county, Noah Headright survey No. 112. The sample was taken from field No. 2, twenty yards from the southeast line fence, sixty-five rods southeast of the dwelling. The land has a northeast slope, and is locally called "black mesquite flat." It is considered of good fertility. It nroduces fifteen and one-half bushels of wheat, twenty-two bushels of corn, six hundred pounds of cotton per acre. The principal crops are wheat, corn, cotton, and milo maize. No fertilizer has been applied. The native vegetation is mesquite grass, rescue, wild millet, and weeds.
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    37
The soil is a black clay loam. The crop yield is good in both wet and dry seasons if well worked. The soil packs and crumbles on drying. It will crack if not worked. It does not wash to any extent, and dirt does not wash upon it. It has been cultivated for twenty-six years. No green crops have ever been plowed under. No manure has been used, though straw has been used 'with good results.
No. 4341: Depth, 12"-24". Subsoil to 4340. This soil is a black clay.
Chas. Caleika, Cat Springs, Austin County.—Experiment 249. Four and oae-half miles southwest of Cat Springs. Poor soil, but uniform. Produces fifteen to twenty bushels corn and one-third bale cotton. In cultivation forty years. Upland, surrounded by post oak timber land. Light sandy soil with clay subsoil. Good drainage. Land broken in November. Corn planted March 4 and harvested September 14. Fertilizer applied with planter after corn was thinned. Two rows per plot, four feet apart and two hundred and eighty feet long. Broke plot eight inches deep in November. Harrowed before planting. Season very dry. Area of plot, .05 acre (yield corrected).
Description of soils, Nos. 7093-7094; Depth, 0"-12". Located five miles southwest from Cat Springs, Austin county. This is upland soil, surrounded by "post oak." If it is dry in summer the fertility is rather poor. It is uniform in fertility. It produces one-fourth to one-half bale of cotton per acre, and twenty to forty bushels of corn per acre. Two hundred pounds of fertilizer per acre were applied last year with bad effect. The season was too dry and corn burned up. Every year ten two-horse loads of manure are applied to the acre. The soil is a gray sand. The yield in wet seasons is very good, especially of corn, but in dry seasons the yield is very poor. The soil packs ?.nd crumbles on drying. Plants produce a good stalk. Cotton does not die. The land has been under cultivation for forty-one years. Eye was plowed under in the spring of 1913 for the first time. The sample represents twenty-four acres of the farm.
No.' 7094: Depth, 12"-24". Subsoil to 7093. This soil is a grayish brown sandy loam.
J. F. Calrin. Eoaz, Cori/ell County.—Experiment 246. Ten miles north of Killeen. Soil good and uniform. Produces one-third bale cotton and twenty bushels corn. In cultivation seventeen years. Previous history not known. Black land. Upland yellow clay subsoil. Good drainage. Land broken January 10, planted with corn Februarv 17, harvested August 25. Two rows per plot, three feet apart and two hundred and forty-two vards Ions'. All cultivated alike and as thorough as possible. Beating rain damaged all of the plots. Fertilizer did not peem to do any ffood. Area per plot, .097 acre.
Description of soils^ Nos. 7151-7152: Depth, 0"-10". Located ten mile? xmrth of Killeen, Bell countv, L. Wammack survey. This is rolling, upland soil of moderate fertility. It produces on an average one-fourfh bale cotton and twenty-five bushels of corn per acre. Fertilizer
38	texas agricultural experiment station.
has been applied as directed. No manure has been used. The soil is a black loam, uniform in fertility. It is better in wet seasons than in dry. It does not pack, run together, or clod. It crumbles on drying. With proper moisture plants will produce a good stalk. Cotton does not die. The land has been under cultivation nearly twenty years. It represents two-thirds of the farm and one-third of the county. No green crops have ever been plowed under.
No. 7152: Depth, 10"-20". Subsoil to ,7151. This soil is a black clay.
F. A. Faatz, Pdados, Matagorda County.—Experiment 256. Moderate, uniform soil; in cultivation about three years, very level and poor drainage. Surface soil very fine light colored sandy loam; subsoil clay. Corn planted March 19, harvested August 27, 1912; two rows per plot, four feet apart and five hundred and forty feet long. Land plowed and harrowed January 31; March 7, furrowed out rows; March 14 dropped fertilizer in furrows; March 18 harrowed; March 19 planted; May 23 back furrowed around corn rows to cover grass and cultivated. Worms were bad at first, but the corn made a rapid growth and seemed to overcome them. He had so much rain that he could not harrow or cultivate at the proper time, and the grass got so bad that he was obliged to use his plow.
Description of soils, Nos. 7116-7117: Depth, 0"-12". Located west of Palacios, Matagorda county. Only three five-acre lots between the farm and Palacios. The land is gently sloping to the northwest, giving a natural drainage. During the last two years the land has not produced much, but is getting better. The soil is a dark gray loam, which packs somewhat. It is uniform in fertility, but considered poor unless fertilized. It has been under cultivation probably four years. The sample represents nearly all the farm.
No. 7117: Depth, 12"-24". Subsoil to 7116. The soil is a brown clay.
II. L. Flowers, Colmesneil, Tyler County.—Experiment 252. Three miles southwest of Colmesneil. Land moderate and uniform. Produces fifteen bushels corn. In cultivation fourteen years; upland light sandy soil with yellow subsoil, underlaid with red clav. Good drainage. Have used fertilizer from Fort Worth packing house with good results. Planted corn April 22 and harvested it October 7. Applied fertilizer at side of plant at second working. Rows four to plot, four feet apart and eighty yards long. Side harrowed once and plowed with sweep three times. Seasons were bad and bud worms caused an irregular stand.
Oust. Goecl-eler, Eagle L<tl-e, Colorado County.—Experiment 254. Soil poor, quite uniform. Produces fifteen bushels corn and one-third bale cotton. In cultivation three vears. Previous to this was a cattle ranch. Upland dark colored sandy soil with stiff red clav subsoil. Drainage not good. Land broken in January. Corn planted March 9
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    39
and harvested October 12. Fertilizer sown by hand five days before planting corn. Four rows to plot, four feet apart and two hundred and eighty feet long. Double middle listed, as rain prevented plot breaking. Cultivation used once on each. Wing and shovel cultivator the third and fourth time with a twenty-four-inch sweep. All plots were affected by drought. Birds caused a bad stand. Enough seed for three stands were used.
Volney Hutchins, Hocklay, Harris County.—Experiment 257. Moderate, uniform soil; produces eighteen bushels corn, one-half bale cotton; in cultivation two years. Was in cultivation thirty-five years ago. Upland soil, light sandy surface soil with clay subsoil mixed with iron gravel. Corn planted March 15, harvested October 17, 1912; two rows per plot, four feet apart, five hundred and forty feet long. Harrowed once, plowed twice with four ten-inch cultivator and laid by 'with turn plow. Land was broken broadcast and harrowed once on February 10; rows laid off with middle splitter; fertilizer put in by hand and covered by turn plow.
A. A. Hyden, Groesbeck, Limestone County.—Experiment 248. Five miles southeast of Groesbeck. Moderately good soil and uniform in character. Produces twenty bushels corn or one-half bale cotton. In cultivation six years. Previously timber land. Upland with gradual slant. Light sandy soil with red tinge. Eed clay subsoil. Good drainage. Land broken November 1. Corn was planted March 23 and harvested September 24. Fertilized by hand April 30. Eows four to plot, four feet wide and two hundred and eighty feet long. Land was broken and harrowed December 3 and 4 about six inches deep. Harrowed again March 1. Plowed with shovels and six-inch sweep April 2, 16, 30, and May 14. Drought injured all plots. So dry that the test was not fair. Area per plot, 0.1 acre.
J. C. Lamberton, Fordtran, Victoria County.—Experiment 250. Twelve miles northeast of Thomaston. Soil fairly good, but a. little spotted. Produces twenty-five to thirty bushels corn. Old field in cultivation two years. Previously cultivated and turned out. Second bottom land on hillside. Black sticky soil with clay subsoil. Drainage good. Land broken December 1. Jlave obtained satisfactory results with a lot of fertilizers. Corn planted March 20 and harvested October 20. Fertilizer applied in drill. Four rows per plot, three and one-half feet between rows and one hundred and ninety-two feet long. Planted by hand two feet in drill and used cultivator. All pots suffered badly from dry weather. Eesults seem to indicate that fertilizer is not profitable on this land. Yield not corrected.
Description of soils, Nos. 7091-7092: Depth, 0"-12". Located twelve miles northeast of Thomaston, Victoria county. Simon Cockele survey. This is upland soil, slightlv rolling. It is not subject to overflows. The fertility is moderate and nearly uniform. It produces twenty-five to thirty-five bushels of corn per acre. In 1912, two hundred pounds
40	texas agricultural experiment station.
of commercial fertilizer per acre were applied, which gave a slight increase of crop. One load of manure per acre in 1912 gave a fail-increase. The soil is a gray sand mixed with clay. It behaves well in wet and dry seasons, is well drained, and stands drought well if stirred after rain. The soil packs in a few places, does not run together much, and never clods. It crumbles on drying. Plants produce a very large stalk. Cotton does not die. The land has been under cultivation three years. The sample represents about three acres. No green crops have ever been plowed under.
No. 7092: Depth, 12"-24". Subsoil to 7091. This soil is a reddish gray clay and sand.
James McSweeney, Waller, Waller County.—Experiment 253. Three miles south of Waller. Land moderate to poor. Quite uniform. Produces fifteen bushels corn. In cultivation twenty years. Upland. Light sandy soil with clay subsoil. Very good drainage. Land broken February 26. Corn planted March 25 and harvested November 12. Fertilizer applied with a drill in open furrows. Four rows per plot, three feet four Inches apart and two hundred and eighty feet long. Corn planted in shallow furrow and cultivated shallow four times. Late cold, wet spring damaged corn 20 per cent. This was followed by continued dry weather, which damaged the crop 20 per cent or more.
G. C. Ormand, Troup, Smith County.—Experiment 263. Moderately good sandy land, forty years in cultivation; gray sandy surface; first subsoil yellowish, lower subsoil clay. Planted March 19; cultivated first time with one-horse diverse cultivator; second, third, and last with plow. This soil has been improving in productiveness.
Description of soils, Nos. 10,146-10,147: Depth, 0"-6". Located two miles northwest of Troup, Smith county, in the Wm. Miller survey. This is moderately fertile upland, which has been under cultivation for forty years. It produces about two-fifths bale of cotton per acre. Sweet
-potatoes are also grown. No fertilizer or manure has been applied. The soil is a yellow sand, which will pack after heavy rains, but crumbles
•on drying. Crops tend to scald in dry seasons; cotton fruits well in wet seasons. Cotton dies in places. The sample represents about ten acres of the farm.
No. 10,147, subsoil to 10,146: Depth, 6"-12". This soil is a yellow elay loam.
W. M. Plaster, Bedias, Grimes County.—Experiment 260. Moderate soil, somewhat mixed; produces about twenty bushels corn and about one-third bale cotton: in cultivation seven years. Upland soil, known as post oak land. Light sandy surface soil with pretty stiff subsoil, dark red in color. Details of the experiment not given.
Description of soils, Nos. 4383-4384: Depth, 0"-6". Located five miles north from Bedias, Grimes county, at foot of hill next to Simee Creek bottom, on the Richard Calender place in southeast corner of Simes league. This is called "loamy hill land" and is considered poor. Corn
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    41
and cotton are grown with moderate yield. No fertilizer has been applied. This is a gray sand, which behaves very well in both wet and dry seasons. It does not pack or dry into clods. The subsoil cracks. It does not overflow. The drainage is good. The soil washes a little, but dirt does not wash onto it. It has been under cultivation for eighteen years. The sample represents one-fourth of the farm and one-fiftieth of the county. No green crops have been plowed under and no manure has been used.
No. 4384: Depth, 6"-12". Subsoil to 4383. The soil is a black clay.
E. B. Powers, Waxahachie, Ellis County.—Experiment 251. Black waxy soil cultivated over twenty years; about twenty feet deep. Corn harvested September 18, 1912. Three rows per plot, three feet three inches apart, two hundred and ten feet long. Ground broken January 24 about four inches deep, and harrowed January 24.
Jack Scliulze, Bangs, Brown- County.—Experiment 261. Good soil, uniform in character; produces twenty bushels corn; in cultivation seven years; upland soil, light red sandy surface, clay subsoil. Planted March 18, harvested August 30; four rows per plot, about four feet apart, about two hundred and eighty feet long. Corn was well cultivated, but he had a late variety and the dry weather almost ruined it.
J. A. Soheider, Olive, Hardin County.—Experiment 245. Seven miles southeast of Kountze. Soil poor and spotted. Produces ten bushels corn without fertilizer. In cultivation twenty-five years. No previous history given. Upland and hilly. Fine gray sand. Corn was planted May 29 and harvested November 5 and 6. Fertilized by hand in drill. Four rows to plot, four feet apart and two hundred and eighty feet long. Early planting was prevented by rains. Area per plot, 0.1 acre.
P. M. Stanford, Bishop, Nueces County.—Experiment 262. Moderate, mixed land; produces twenty-five bushels corn; in cultivation twenty-two years; upland soil; black sand with chalky spots, clay subsoil. Corn planted March 18 and harvested October 9, 1912; three rows per plot 34 inches apart, 651 feet long. Planted fertilizer February 22, and it rained until March 14, and corn was planted March 18. It was entirely too dry for a fair test, and there was lots of fertilizer that never dissolved until the fall rains set in.
C. L. Terrell, Anaqua, Victoria County.—Experiment 247. Ten miles southeast of Fannin. Soil uniform and good; in cultivation three years; previously planted with corn and alfalfa; black valley land, sandy subsoil. Corn planted February 28 and harvested September 12. Applied fertilizer after corn came up. Four rows to plot, 4^- feet apart and 280 feet long. Plowed around corn to apply fertilizer, and then later ployed out middles. Area per plot, .112 acre (yield corrected).
Description of soils, Nos.  7373-7374:    Depth, 0"-6".    Located ten
42	.       texas agricultural experiment station.
miles southeast of Fannin, J. B. Sideck grant. This is valley prairie land, and is considered rich. It is known as "black valley land." It is about uniform in fertility. It produces one-half bale of cotton per acre and forty bushels of corn per acre. Fertilizer has been applied only last year as directed. One small load of manure was once applied on four rows of corn. The soil is a black clay, which is sticky in wet seasons, and sometimes fires up a little in dry seasons. The soil does not pack unless tramped; is supposed to run together, but crumbles on drying. It has been under cultivation about three years. ISTo green crops have ever been plowed under. The sample represents about twelve acres of the farm.
No. 7374: Depth, 6"-12". Subsoil to 7373. This soil is a black clay.
Louis Otten, La Grange, Fayette County.—Experiment 255. Moderate, uniform soil; in cultivation twenty years; produces twenty-five bushels corn, or about one-third bale cotton. It used to make fifty bushels corn and three-fourths bale of cotton. Surface soil black land, with clay subsoil; drainage good. Corn planted March 12, harvested September 28, 1912. Two rows per plot, 3^ feet apart, 580 feet long. Cultivated twice, and went through the middle three times with weeder. Plot No. 3 made the best showing at first, but when dry weather set in it was the first to suffer.
Description of soils, Noa. 7118-7119: Depth, 0"-10". Located five miles southeast of Muldoon, Fayette county. This is rolling land of moderate and uniform fertility. It produces one-fourth bale of cotton and twenty to twenty-five bushels of corn per acre. No fertilizer has been applied. In fall of 1911 about fifteen loads of manure per acre (on some places) about doubled the yield. No green crops have ever been plowed under. The soil is a black clay, which in dry seasons drys out and cracks. The best yields have always been made in wet seasons. The soil packs and clods on drying. The plants produce a fairly good stalk. About 50 per cent of the cotton dies. The land has been under cultivation for twenty to twenty-five years, The sample represents all of the one hundred acres on the farm, and supposedly two-thirds or more of the county.
No. 7119: Depth, 10"-22". Subsoil to 7118. The soil is a black clay.
details of experiments—1913.
C. C. Belcher, Huckaby, EratJi County.—Experiment 270. Ten miles north of Stephenville. Moderately good land, mixed. Produces twenty bushels of corn or one-fourth bale cotton. In cultivation a long time, not known definitely how long. Previously has been producing about one-half crop. Light loam soil with red clay subsoil. Good drainage. Broke land in January; planted corn March 20, harvested August 18 Two rows, 3 feet apart to plot and 240 feet long. Same cultivation throughout for all plots. Land was broken flat Februarv 1, listed February 20. A deep furrow run after opener. Put fertilizer in subsoil furrow and relisted. Planted corn just over fertilizer.
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    43
W, L. Campbell, Avery, Red River County.—Experiment 264. One mile west of Avery. Land good; uniform; produces one-half bale of cotton per acre. In cultivation four years. No previous history given. Upland, light sandy soil with red and white clay subsoil. Good drainage. Never used fertilizer before. Corn planted April 11, harvested October 25. Four rows per plot, 3^ feet apart and 350 feet long. All plots on same land.' Broken with two-horse plow March 6; harrowed on March 7 with two-horse harrow. Plowed May 23, May 30, June 14, and June 20. Peas planted in middles. Drought injured all plots. Had no rain from May 22 to July 3.
Description of soils, Nos. 7621-7622: Located one mile west of Avery, Red River county. This is upland soil of moderate fertility. It produces one-half bale of cotton per acre. No fertilizer or manure has been applied. A green crop qf maize has been plowed under. The soil is a yellowish gray sand, which drains well, and stands both wet and dry seasons well. The soil does not pack, run together, or clod. It crumbles on drying. Plants produce a, good stalk. Cotton does not die. The land has been cultivated for three years. The sample represents all the farm and one-half of the county.
No. 7622: Depth, 8"-12". Subsoil to 7621. This soil is a yellow sand.
H. D. Farquhar, Hemps tead, Waller County.—Experiment 267. Good soil; potatoes planted on it several years; uniform; in cultivation eighteen years; produces about eighteen bushels corn. Upland, dark, sandy land, with clay subsoil. Cottonseed meal and mixed fertilizer give good results. Corn planted March 20 and harvested October 31, 1913. Four rows per plot, 3-| feet apart, 346 feet long. Land was broken in December, bedded in January, rebedded in February, disked March 19, opened fertilizer and planted March 20.
Description of soils, Nos. 7153-7154: Depth, 0"-8". Located eight and one-half miles 'northeast from Hempstead, Waller county, Jesse Clary survey. Abstract No. 110. This is upland soil of moderate fertility. It produces twenty bushels of corn per acre. Cantaloupes and corn are grown alternately. This soil is a light brown sand. Corn turns red and yellow in wet weather and fires in very dry weather. Nearly all the soil will pack, part of it runs together, about one-half clods on drying, though none of it crumbles on drying. When in corn, 150 pounds per acre of commercial fertilizer are applied, and when in cantaloupes, eight tons per acre of lot manure. Cotton rusts. The sample represents 50 per cent of the farm and 50 per cent of the county.
No. 9154: Depth, 8"-20". Subsoil to 9153. This is a yellow mottled with brown sandy clay.
Ira Fleming, Crnsby, Harris County.—Experiment 281. One and one-half miles north of Crosby. Good uniform land; produces twenty-five to thirty-five bushels of corn and one-third to two-fifths bale cotton. In cultivation twelve years. Has been previously planted with corn and cotton without fertilizer. Upland black sandy, very close loam soil with
44	texas agbicultueal experiment station.
yellow clay subsoil, and excellent drainage. Broke land in November and December. Have used only barnyard manure with excellent results. Corn planted April IS, harvested October 14. Fertilizer applied with one-row distributer under seed before planting. Three rows per plot, 42 inches apart and 420 feet long. Cotton chopped to sixteen inches in drill. Cultivated twice, once with six-inch shovel and once with gopher blades. Plot 1 was next to ditch and was damaged by overflow.
Description of soils, Nos. 7357-7358: Depth, 0"-12". Located one and one-fourth miles north of Crosby, Harris county. This is upland soil, with fine drainage south and west. It is uniformly fertile. It produces one-half bale of cotton per acre and twenty-five to thirty-five bushels corn per acre. No fertilizer or manure has been applied. Weeds have been plowed under, which seemed to give some improvement. In wet seasons the soil is rather dense; the crop yield is good; in dry seasons the soil cracks and bakes somewhat, and the crop yield is very good. The soil is a black clay, which does not pack badly, and does not run together much, and crumbles on drying. Sometimes a little will clod on drying. Plants produce a good stalk. Cotton does not die. The land has been cultivated about twelve years.
No. 7358: Depth, 12"-24". Subsoil to 7357. This soil is a black clay.
French and Frazee, Rock Island, Colorado County.—Experiment 269. One and one-half miles north of Rock Island. Land moderately good and uniform. Produced forty bushels corn. In cultivation one yeai. Considered poor previously. Sod land. Upland. Light gray sandy loam with clay subsoil. Land broken in November. Used fertilizer on corn with good results. Corn planted April 10 and harvested August 22. Fertilizer distributed with one-horse distributer. One row per plot, 3 feet apart, and 836 feet long. Cultivated six times with surface cultivator and five and sevcnteen-tooth harrow. Planting late caused the corn to be caught by drought and injured. Ground was so wet that corn could not be harvested early and ground was not in good state of cultivation when planted. Area of plot, .06 acre (yiqld corrected).
Description of soils, Nos. 7244-7245: Depth. 0"-14". Located one and one-half miles northeast of Rock Island, Colorado county, Waco Mfg. Co. survey, section 13. This is upland soil, which slopes to the south and has a fair drainage. The fertility is moderate and uniform, except in low places. It produced fifty bushels of corn per acre in 1912, in which vear one hundred pounds of acid phosphate to the acre were applied. The soil is a brown sand, supposedly Lufkin sandv loam. In wet seasons it gets boggy, and corn has a poor stand. The soil packs and crumbles on drying. Plants produce a good stalk. The land has been under cultivation for two years. The sample represents 90 per cent of the farm.
No. 7245 : Depth. 14"-20". Subsoil to 7244. The soil is a grayish brown sandv clav.
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corx, 1908-14.    45
Max Lindegger, Y oakum, DeWitt County.—Experiment 268. Land is new and uniform, previously a pasture. Low land. Dark clay with sticky subsoil. No drainage needed. Begun breaking land in December. Used no fertilizer before. Corn planted March 15 and harvested August 9. Fertilizer applied in drills. Three rows per plot, 42 inches apart and 350 feet long. Cultivated twice. Land seemed to be alike, but plot 1 was better.
Description of soils, Nos. 7110-7111. Depth, 0"-8". Located one mile east of Yoakum, DeWitt county, Jno. May league. This is rolling land of moderate and uniform fertility; formerly used as grazing land. It produces two tons of cane per acre. The soil is a black sandy loam, locally called "post oak." No fertilizer or manure has been applied, and no green crops have been plowed under. The yield is very good in wet seasons, but the soil dries out quickly in dry weather. The soil packs and runs together, but crumbles when dry. The land has been under cultivation one year. The sample represents about one-half of the farm.
No. 7111 : Depth, 8"-14". Subsoil to 7110. This soil is a black clay.
Paul Lake, Eustace, Henderson County.—Experiment 271. One mile from Pauline. Average land, spotted. Produces twenty bushels corn, one-half bale cotton, one hundred and eighty-one bushels potatoes. In cultivation eleven years. Previously timber land, upland, low, and hilly land. Mixed soil. Clay subsoil in upland and gumbo in bottom. Plenty of drainage. Have used barnyard manure with excellent results. Corn planted March 28 and harvested September 15. Fertilizer applied by hand. Seven rows, 4 feet apart ner plot. Cultivated with double shovel April 15, 28, May 16, and May 29. Plot 2 made big ears, but no grain. Plots 1 and 3 were affected by smut.
C. A. Lindbloom, Palacios, Matagorda County.—Experiment 276. Four miles north of Palacios. Moderately good, spotted land. Produces twenty-five bushels corn. In cultivation one year. Previously a pasture. Lowland, ashy soil with clay subsoil. Poor drainage. Plowed land in December, planted corn April 10, harvested October 12. Two rows, 42 inches apart per plot and 560 feet long. All plots cultivated every seven days, sometimes ten days. Fertilizer was applied in opening furrow. Storms in June damaged all plots and prevented further cultivation.
Description of soils, Nos. 7359-7360: Located three and one-half miles north of Palacios, Matagorda county, Susan Per kins survey, section 22. A part of this land is subject to overflow. It is not uniform in fertility, a part is moderate. It produces ten bushels of corn per acre; 130 pounds of fertilizer per acre has been applied, and one-fourth of a load of manure ner acre. In wet seasons the soil packs and runs together. On overflowed land the soil crumbles on drying-. In dry seasons dust forms on top. The land has been under cultivation for
46	texas agricultural experiment station.
two years.    JSTo green crops have been plowed under.    The sample represents one acre.
No. 7360:   Depth, 6"-IS".   Subsoil to 7359.    It is a dark brown clay.
Ralph Martin, Katy} Harris County.—Experiment 266. Three and one-half miles south of Katy. Moderately good land, uniform. Produces ten to fifteen bushels corn. In cultivation four years. Previous to cultivation was a prairie. Gulf Coast prairie. Chocolate colored soil with yellow clay subsoil. Good drainage condition. Land broken in January. Has used fertilizer with doubtful results on corn. Corn planted on March 21 and harvested November 10-20. Fertilizer was drilled in some time before planting. Four rows to the plot, 3 feet 6 inches between, and 240 feet long. Bows were double disked ahead of planter. Cultivated three times and pulled suckers on plots 8 and 10. Rain prevented putting manure underground on plot 1; this is thought to cause a decrease in the production.
Jam.es Martyn, Sedbrook, Harris County.—Experiment 282. Four miles northwest of Seabrook. Moderately good land, somewhat variable; produces thirty-five to forty bushels corn. In cultivation twenty years. Previo-usly a native forest. Land from middle bayou is sandy loam, variable in color with yellow. Clay subsoil in some places, tinged with red. Good drainage. Have used cottonseed meal, acid phosphate, potash, and nitrate of soda with variable results. Bags 5 and 6 was all the fertilizer received. These were tried, but a drought injured the corn as the grain was filling out.
R. E. Moore, Splendora, Montgomery County.—Experiment 272. Four miles east of Splendora. Very good land and uniform. Produces fifteen bushels of corn and 600 pounds of seed cotton. In cultivation six years. First bottom land. Light sandy loam with sand subsoil for fifteen feet deep. Good drainage. Land broken in February. Corn planted March 10 and harvested September 24. Fertilizer applied by hand March 3. Two rows 34- feet apart in each plot and 552 feet long. All plots were affected by drought. Area, .078 acre per plot.
/. B. Milstead, Overton, Rusk County.—Experiment 279. Four miles southeast of Overton. Land uniform and moderately good. Produces ten bushels corn. In cultivation twenty years. Upland, gray sandy soil with yellow subsoil. Good drainage. Breaks land about February 20. Corn planted April 19 and harvested October 24. Fertilizer applied with distributer. Three rows to plot, 4 feet wide and 361 feet long. Three plowings with cultivators ten days apart. Cow-peas planted between rows at last plowing. All plots were injured by chinch bug and dry weather so that it is not considered as a fair test.
Description of soils, Nos. 7349-7350: Depth, 0"-8"-10". Located four and one-half miles southeast of Overton, Rusk county, R. H. Penney survey. This is upland soil and considered of moderate fertility. Corn and cowpeas are the principal crops. Two hundred and forty pounds of fertilizer per acre were applied in 1908 with very good results.
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    47
No manure has been used. The soil is a white sand. In wet seasons the soil behaves badly; in dry seasons the behavior is much better. The soil does not pack. After heavy rains it will run together, and it crumbles on drying. Plants produce average good stalk. Cotton does not die. The land has been under cultivation for twenty-two years. Every two years cowpeas are planted between corn rows and the vines are plowed under with good effect. The sample represents 100 acres of the farm and three-fourths of the county.
No. 7350: Depth, 8"-10"-20"-28". Subsoil to 7349. The soil is a yellow sand.
Theo. G. Nelson, Eastgate, Liberty County.—Experiment 265. Land moderately good, slightly mixed. Previous to cultivation was pasture land. Plat prairie land, black land, a trifle sandy, and has small spots of white. Has a clay subsoil. Fair drainage. Never used commercial fertilizer. Planted corn April 1-8 and harvested September 12-20. Applied fertilizer by hand. Eight rows per plot, 42 inches apart. Sod broke in December. Disked and smooth harrowed twice each. Eeplowed four and a half inches deep in March. Double disked and harrowed in March. Made furrows for rows with planter. Applied fertilizer and mixed with planter sweep. Planted, and harrowed again when corn was sprouting.
Description of soils, Nos. 7708-7709: Depth, 0"-6". Located at Eastgate, Liberty county, I. E. and S. F. survey, section 27. This soil occurs on a level prairie having small mounds. One acre was planted in corn in 1913, which was the first crop ever planted on the soil. Fertilizer and manure were applied as directed. The soil is a black loam, locally known as "sandy loam." Plants produce a good stalk. The sample represents all the farm and about one-half of the prairie land in the county.
No. 7709:   Depth, 6"-18".   Subsoil to 7708.    This soil is a dark clay.
J. J. Nichols, Flynn, Leon County.—Experiment 273. Land uniform and moderately good. Produces 500 pounds seed cotton. In cultivation twenty years. In pasture eight years. Upland gray sandy soil with loose subsoil. Land broken January 15. Fertilizer used before. Planted corn March 10 and harvested September 25. Fertilizer applied by hand in water furrow. Three rows, 46 inches per plot and 140 vards long. All plots were treated alike and cultivated with solid sweeps. Birds damaged 3 and 4. Dry weather and hot winds damaged all of the plots.
" Description of soils, Nos. 7108-7109: Depth, 0"-6" Located in Leon county, near Flynn. The soil produces 400 pounds of seed cotton per acre. Last year 400 pounds per acre of fertilizer was applied. Manure has been applied with good results. The soil is light gray sand, which does not pack, run together, or clod. Plants produce a good stalk. Cotton does not die. The land has been under cultivation for eighteen years. The sample represents 100 acres of the farm and a large part of the county.
48	texas agricultural experiment station.
No. 7109: Depth, 6"-18". Subsoil to 7108. This soil is a yellowish gray sand.
W. E. Reese, Mi. Pleasant, Titus County.—Experiment 283. Four miles south of Cookville. Moderately good land, slightly mixed. Produces fourteen bushels corn. In cultivation forty years. Upland> light soil. Very good drainage. Corn planted April 18 and harvested September 24. Applied fertilizer at side after corn came up. Four rows per plot, 6 feet apart and 210 feet long. Bedded and rebedded with two-horse turn plow. Cultivated five times shallow. All were affected by droughts. Bags 1, 8 and 9 were evidently destroyed in transportation.
Description of soils, Nos. 7179-7180: Depth, Q"-8%". Located four miles south of Cookville, Titus county, Thomas Hill survey. This is upland soil with small knolls, and is considered poor. It produces 400 pounds of cotton and ten bushels of corn per acre. No fertilizer or manure has ever been applied. The soil is a light brown sand. Crops do better in wet seasons. In dry weather cotton sheds. The soil packs. Plants produce a good stalk. The land has been under cultivation for twenty-five years. No green crops have ever been plowed under. The sample represents seventy-five acres of the farm.
No. 7180: Depth, 8£"-m". Subsoil to 7179. The soil is a yellowish red sandy clay.
/. M. Singletary, Leggett, Polk County.—Experiment 275. Two miles east of Leggett. Moderately good, spotted land. Produces twelve bushels corn. Cotton blights. In cultivation twenty years. Upland, black waxy soil with white gumbo subsoil. Well drained. Breaks land in January. Corn planted March 19 and harvested October 24. Two rows 6 feet apart per plot and 435 feet long. Shovel was run by side of corn and fertilizer put in and covered with same shovel. Plowed deep once with six-inch shovel, three times with double sweep, and shallow planted peas between rows. Sixty per cent of plot 9 was blown down by wind in July and caused considerable shrinkage and loss in weight. ^Description of soils, Nos, 7341-7342: Depth, 0"-7". Located two miles east of Leggett, Polk county, N. D. Labadee survey, section 388. This is upland soil and is considered moderate in fertility. It produces one-half bale of cotton and fifteen bushels of corn per acre. No fertilizer has been used. The soil is a black heavy clay, and has been under cultivation for twent}- years. The soil packs, runs together, and clods on drying. Plants produce small stalks. Cotton dies in places. The sample represents ten acres of the farm.
No. 7342. Depth, 7"-14". Subsoil to 7341. The soil is a grayish black heavy clay.
P. E. Smith, Crocke.it, Houston County.—Experiment 280. Nine miles east of Crockett. Moderately good mixed land. Produces fifteen to twenty bushels corn, 500 pounds seed cotton. In cultivation about fifteen years. Previous history not known. Upland, slightly hilly, and
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    49
with second bottom. Dark loam soil with clay subsoil. Good drainage. Land broken in January. Has used some fertilizer with good results. Corn planted April 3 and harvested October 17. Fertilizer applied by hand, running a sweep after bedding on it lightly. Four rows, 4 feet apart per plot and 210 feet long. Ground broke flat, fertilizer applied and bedded on, planted corn and cultivated three times. All plots were injured by shade on west side and by a drought lasting through June and July.
C. C. Swearing en, Warren, Tyler County.—Experiment 277. Eight miles east of Warren. Land poor and uniform. Produces twelve bushels corn. In cultivation sixty years. Previously common pine growth. Upland gray sand soil with yellow sa.nd subsoil. Drainage good. Has used fertilizers with results not the best. Corn planted March 20 and harvested October 25. Fertilized by hand. One row per plot, 4 feet wide and 300 yards long. Plowed deep. Exceedingly heavy spring rains and dry weather in summer injured the corn so that not more than one-half the crop was made.
E. M. Walker,"Click, Llano County.—Experiment 278. Ten miles north of Kingsland. Moderately good, uniform land. Produces eighteen bushels corn and one-half bale cotton. In cultivation twenty-five to thirty years. Upland. Dark red sand soil with clay subsoil. Good drainage. Breaks land in January and February. Corn planted March 24 and harvested October 14. Fertilizer applied by hand through tin horn. Four rows, 8 feet apart to plot and 280 feet long. Harrowed seven times with V-shaped harrow. Ran out middles with twenty-inch heel sweep. Used cultivators. Plots 3, 5 and 7 were damaged by chickens.
J. G. Wilson, Hawking, Wood County.—-Experiment 274. Eight miles northwest of Big Sandy. Moderately good uniform land. Produces fifteen bushels corn and 800 pounds seed cotton per acre. In cultivation twelve years. Has a damp nature and stands drought well. Upland, dark sand, but a little light. Clay subsoil. Perfect drainage. Have used fertilizer with good results. Corn planted March 3 and harvested October 1. Fertilizer put in deep furrow and listed upon. Four rows per plot. 4 feet apart and 280 feet long. Bedded March 10 and relisted March 15. Cultivated after each rain until middle of June. Plot 9 suffered from dry weather more than others.
Description of soils, Nos. 7233-7234: Depth, 0"-6". Located eight miles northwest of Big Sandv. Wood countv. Hawkins survey ISTo. 332. This is upland soil, just a little rolling, and is considered of moderate fertility. It produces 500 pounds of seed cotton and ten to fifteen bushels corn per acre. Last year 300 nounds of green cotton seed were used as fertilizer with good results. Six or eisrht vears ago 2000 pounds of manure per acre were applied with good results. The soil is a gray sand, which does not wash and resists drought well, though it drown-3 to some extent in wet seasons. The soil does not pack, and runs to-
50	texas agricultural experiment station.
gether very little. It has been under cultivation for about twenty-five years. No green crops have ever been plowed under. The sample represents 90 per cent of the farm and from 50 to 75 per cent of the county. No. 7234: Depth, 6"-14". Subsoil to 7233. This soil is a white sand.
details of experiments—1914.
R. C. Aiken, Blessing, Maiagorda County.—Experiment 284. This soil if. located three and one-half miles northeast of Blessing and was first cultivated three years ago. The average yield was about five to ten bushels of corn in very dry years. The sod was broken in January very shallow, harrowed thoroughly, plowed four to six inches deep, and harrowed again in April. Planted cotton, but the drought and the cut worm cut the crop down to less than one-fourth bale per acre. The land has been pastured heavily and has horse and cow manure over it. It is level upland, sandy, and of black or dark color. The subsoil is a compact yellow or red clay. Drainage conditions are fair. Corn was planted in plots April 16 and harvested August 27. There were three rows to the plot, 3^ feet apart and 360 feet long. The following i-s the treatment: Plot was broken, harrowed, furrowed, spread fertilizer, cultivated furrow with double shovel, and harrowed ridges down, and planted in furrow. Plot No. 1 was damaged.
Description of soils, Nos. 9353-9354: Depth, 0"-12". Located three miles northeast of Blessing and about the same distance southeast of Midfleld, Matagorda county. This is good upland and flat except fot knolls. It produces a fair average crop of cotton and peanuts. The land has been under cultivation for two years, and the fertility is said to be good for the kind of soil and age. The soil is drab, mottled gray, sandy loam, and is easily worked wet or dry. In wet seasons the yield is better than on white, light gray or black waxy land. In dry seasons the soil does not bake and holds moisture fairly well. It is very easily worked, except when long uncultivated and has become solid, though it will pulverize when broken. The yield is good with thin stand. Soil does not pack much or run together; clods very little and not at all if worked. Plants produce a good stalk. Cotton produces big stalks and does not die. The sample represents about thirty acres of the fifty-five-acre farm, the remainder being a light colored soil, which runs together. The sample is thought to represent about 50 per cent of the county.
No. 9354: Subsoil to 9353. Depth, 12"-24". This is a dark colored sandy clay.
John M. Ashley, New Salem, Rusk County.—Experiment 285. Moderately rich uniform soil, located twelve miles southwest of Henderson. Has. been under cultivation for ten years, and makes an average yield of fifteen bushels of corn per acre. It is a red, gravelly soil with stiff dry subsoil. Has good drainage. Has used acid phosphate and cottonseed meal before. Land is hillv. Ground was flat broke, rows laid off with six-inch shovel; fertilizer applied in furrows; corn planted in furrow April 15, and the crop was harvested October 5. Four rows to plot,
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corx, 1908-14.    51
4 feet apart and 80 yards long. Plots were all damaged by heavy rain followed by drought.
Description of soils, Nos. 9932-9933: Depth, 0"-10". Located twelve miles southwest from Henderson, Rusk county. This is moderately fertile second bottom land, which has been under cultivation for seventy-five years. It produces twenty bushels of corn per acre and one-half bale of cotton per acre. The soil is a reddish sand, locally known as "red land." It stands drought well, does not pack, clod or run together. Plants do not die, but the stalks are too small. Cottonseed meal and acid phosphate caused a greatly increased yield. The sample represents onty a small part- of the county.
No. 9933: Subsoil to 9932/ Depth, 10"-18". This soil is a reddish brown sand.
A. C. BatcS; Chocolate Bayou. Bmzoria County.—Experiment 286. Located one mile south of Chocolate Bayou. Soil is uniform and good; is rather heavy black loam, and is inclined to run together. It is well drained. Has used acid phosphate, potash and nitrogenous mixed fertilizer with good results. Land is upland ; has been under cultivation three years; has been well tilled; is uniform, and produces thirty-five bushels of corn or three-fourths bale of cotton per acre. Corn was planted May 8 in plots of two rows each, 3^ feet apart and 500 feet long, and was harvested October 8. Test was unsatisfactory, due to unfavorable weather conditions.
V	.
A. 0. BecJcer, Lott, Falls County.—Experiment 287. This land is ten miles south of Kosebud, is uniform, and produces about thirty bushels of corn per acre. Has been under cultivation seven years; is rolling, and is colored black. Has good drainage. Fertilizer has never been tried. Corn was planted April 2 in plots of ten rows each, 3 feet apart and 575 feet long; and was harvested November 2. The chickens damaged plots 9 and 10.
A. C. Berry, Hender^on, Rush County.—Experiment 288. This land is southwest of Henderson and has been under cultivation three years. It is hillv, upland, and terraced. The soil is a N'orfolk fine sandy loam, well drained. The four feet surface is red sand, and then underlaid with pipe clay. No fertilizer has been used on this plot before. Land was broken bv bedding March 1. Fertilizer applied, mixed with soil, and imbedded March 12: dragged and planted about level March 20 and was harvested October 22. Each plot had two rows, 44- feet apart and 600 feet long. All plots were damaged by unfavorable weather conditions.
Description of soils. Nos. 9285-9286: Denth. 0"-12". Located three miles southwes^ of Henderson, section 2, Henderson survev. This is rolling soil, unland, of moderate and uniform fertility, and well drained. It produces 500 to 800 pounds of seed cotton per acre and ten bushels of corn per acre. Fertilizer has been applied for three years. An application of 150 pounds per acre has no appreciable effect, though
52	texas agricultural experiment station.
another application of 200 pounds per acre was followed with moderately good results. No manure has been used. A green crop was plowed under in 1913 and had good effect. The soil is a light gray sand, locally called Norfolk fine sand. In wet seasons it washes to some extent, though not badly, and in dry seasons it is blown by the wind. It does not pack or run together, and does not crumble or clod on drying. Plants have moderately good stalk. Cotton does not die. The sample represents the whole farm and nearly 35 per cent of the county.
No. 9286: Subsoil to 9285. Depth, 12"-24". This soil is a yellow sand.
L. W. BurJchardt. Hufsmith, Harris County.—Experiment 290. This plot is located thirty-four miles northwest of Houston. The soil is of moderate fertility, uniform in character; produces thirty-eight bushels of corn per acre, and is well drained. It is hilly. Is dark sandy soil with yellowish clay and sand beginning to show twelve inches below surface. Has used some commercial fertilizers, and wood ashes seem to benefit crops greatly. The corn was planted March 9 in plots of twenty rows, 3 feet 9 inches apart and 576 feet long; was kept free from grass, etc., by hand, one-horse plow, and wide harrow. All plots were damaged by insects and the crop was cut short at least 40 per cent by unfavorable weather conditions.
J. A. Callawuy, R. F. T). No. 1, Athens, Henderson County.—Experiment 291. Plot is located one and one-half miles southwest of Athens on well drained, moderately fertile, uniform, hilly, gray sandy soil, which has been under cultivation two years. It was formerly timbered with black jack, hickory, post oak, and now produces twelve bushels of corn per acre. Commercial fertilizers have been used with good results. The corn was planted May 5 in plots of three rows each, 3^ feet apart and 400 feet long. Cultivated thoroughlv and harvested it September 23. All plots were affected by unfavorable weather conditions, but No. 10 suffered more than others.
Description of soils. Nos. 9809-9810: Depth. 0"-12". Located two and one-half miles southwest of Athens. Henderson county, on the Thos. Panner survey. This is slightlv rolling upland, moderately fertile, though not uniform. It has produced "fair average" crops for the three years that it has been under cultivation. The soil is a brownish yellow sand, which does not pack, run together, or clod, and crumbles on drying-. Crop vields are reasonably fair in wet seasons, but poor in drv. Plants produce a good stalk, and cotton does not die. The sample represents about 90 per cent of the county.
No. 9810: Subsoil to 9809. Depth, 12"-24". This soil is yellow sand.
J. R. Davis, Mesa. Grimes County.—Experiment 314. Plot is located five miles south of Tola on well drained, moderatelv fertile, fairlv uniform upland. Dark red =andv soil, which ha= been under cultivation fifteen years, and now produces fifteen bushel? of corn or 600 pounds
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    53
of seed cotton per acre. Subsoil is dark red clay. Commercial fertilizers have been used with excellent results. The corn was planted April 6 in plots of four rows, 4 feet apart and 280 feet long, and was harvested August 25. It was flat broke January 24, harrowed February 15; rows laid off with sweep March 1, fertilized, bedded, and harrowed March 3, planted March 10, and planted over April 6. Harrowed and plowed five times. All plots were injured by unfavorable weather 'conditions, yet it made from three to five times better crop than adjoining land.
Description of soils, Nos. 9384-9385: Depth, 0"-6". Located one and one-half miles southeast of Mesa, Grimes county, Milbank survey. This is good upland, not uniform in fertility, and has been under cultivation for fifteen years. It produces mo-fourth to one-half bales of cotton per acre. Some fertilizer has been applied. No manure-has been used and no green crops have been plowed under. The soil is a gray sand. In wet seasons crops drown, but they do pretty well in dry seasons. The soil packs, runs together, and clods on drying. Plants produce a good stalk. Cotton dies. The sample represents three-fourths of the farm and one-half of the county.
No. 9385: Subsoil to 9384. Depth, 6"-24". This is a light brown mottled black and red clay.
F. 0. Dudley, R. F. D. No. 2, Houston, Harris County.—Experiment 292. Plot is located eight miles north of Houston on well drained, moderately fertile, uniform low land, dark, deep sandy loam soil with clay subsoil. Has been under cultivation two years; was formerly open cattle range, and now will yield twenty-five to thirty bushels of corn per acre. Commercial fertilizer never used before. Corn was planted April 20 in plots of one row, 4 feet apart in rows long enough to make a plot. Was cultivated with harrow and was harvested October 29. None of the plots were damaged by unfavorable weather conditions.
Description of soils, Nos. 9347-9348: Depth. 0"-9". Located five miles south of Aldine, Harris county. This is level prairie land of moderate fertility. The soil is a black clay, locally known as "light sandy." Corn was planter! in 1914 for the first time, 100 pounds per acre of fertilizer being applied with good result*. No green crops have ever been plowed under, and no manure lias been applied. The soil does not stand wet Aveather well, but does well in dry seasons. The soil packs and clods on drying. Plants produce good stalk. The sample represents about one-third of the farm.
No. 9348: Subsoil to 9347. This soil is a black clay like the surface soil.
E. J. Good, BurkviUe, Newton Countij.—Experiment 293. Plot is located three miles south of Burkville, on well drained, moderately fertile, dark sandy upland soil with red clay subsoil. Has been under cultivation three years; it was cultivated about twenty years ago, but it has been pastured until three years ago. Since that time it has been planted in potatoes and sowed in oats last fall. Soil is mixed. Pro-
54	texas agricultural experiment station.
duces ten bushels of corn per acre without fertilizer. Has used fertilizer. Corn was planted April 20 and harvested October 30. There were two rows to the plot, 8 feet apart and 271 feet long. Plots were all cultivated alike; plowed and hoed when needed. Crop was damaged at least 20 per cent by-unfavorable weather conditions.
T. M. Goodell, Eustace, Henderson County.—Experiment 294. Location of plot is one mile south of Eustace on fairly well drained, good, fairly uniform, dark sandy loam, which has been under cultivation for nine years. Subsoil is red and white clay. The land has produced eight crops of corn and one of cotton. Made thirty-five bushels of corn per acre last year, and has made 1500 pounds of seed cotton per acre. Acid phosphate has given best results except where the land is thin, and then cottonseed meal with acid phosphate does better. Corn was planted March 16 on plots of two rows, 3f feet apart and 90 yards long. Had only one plowing and was harvested August 26. Insects and unfavorable weather conditions caused yields to be small. Cottonseed meal makes too large a stalk. Potash seems to owner to be worthless, and acid phosphate profitable under all conditions.
Description of soils, Nos. 9179-9180: Depth, 0"-6". Located one mile south of Eustace, Henderson county, section 69, J. M. Beltram survey. This is fertile upland, uniform, and with a gradual slope north. It drains well, but washes. It produces thirty-six bushels of corn per acre. The farm has been under cultivation for eight years. Two hundred pounds acid phosphate per acre in 1912-1913 gave good results. Manure used on washed or thin places gave good results always. Most of the material plowed under has been dry. Though some green peas have been plowed under. The soil is a brown sand, which holds moisture well in dry seasons if well mulched. It packs and crumbles on drying. Plants produce a good stalk. Cotton does not die. The sample represents three-fourths of the field and about one-half of the county.
No* 9180: Subsoil to 9179. Depth, 6"-18". This soil is a yellow red clay.
J. ft. Hatlicoclf. HuntsvilJc. Walker Cotmtjt.—Experiment 295. Plot is located eight miles north of Huntsville on moderately fertile, reasonably well drained, level upland, uniform, chocolate colored loam soil, which has been under cultivation for about fifteen years, The subsoil is clay. It produces about twenty bushels of corn per acre. No fertilizer has ever been used before. Corn was planted March 20 on plots of three rows each, 3^ feet anart and 135 yards long. Plots Nos. 1 and 2 were damaged more than the other?, but all suffered from insects and unfavorable weather conditions.
Description of soils, 9281-9282: Depth, 0"-9". Located eight miles north of Huntsville, Walker county. This is moderately fertile upland. It is uniform and is not subject to overflow. It produces one-third to one-half bale of cotton per acre, and fifteen bushels of corn per acre. The land has been under cultivation for about fifteen years.
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    55
No fertilizer has been applied. A heavy crop of crab grass was plowed under in the fall of 1913, which resulted in an increased yield. The soil is black sandy loam, locally known as gray sandy loam. In wet seasons it cements together and stops the growth of the crop. In dry seasons it becomes hard if unstirred and stops growth. It packs, runs together, and clods on drying. Plants produce a good stalk. The sample represents all the farm and several square miles of the county.
No. 9282: Subsoil to 9281. Depth, 9"-24". This soil is a gray mottled black sandy loam.
P. F. Jarnigan, Henderson, Rusk County.-—Experiment 296. Plot is located four and one-half miles west of Henderson on well drained, poor, uniform, hilly, upland, gray sandy soil with a brown sandy subsoil. It has been under cultivation for an unknown number of years, and produces twelve bushels of corn or 500 pounds of cotton per acre. Commercial fertilizers have been used with good results.
T. L. Johnson, Yantis, Wood County.—Experiment 297. Plot is located three miles west of Yantis and ten and one-half miles north of Alba on moderately fertile, well drained, upland, uniform, dark sandy soil, locally known as a dirt soil, Avith a yellowish sandy subsoil. It has been under cultivation for twenty years, has a very good history and produces twenty bushels of corn or one-half bale of cotton per acre. Corn was planted April 16; fertilizer was applied by hand in furrow 8th; was flat hoed once, plowed with four furrows with cultivator, and was laid by June 11 with turn plow and sweep. It was harvested September 19th. The plots were of two rows each, 7 feet apart and 160 feet long. All plots were damaged by unfavorable weather conditions, but plots 1 and 2 suffered most.
Description of soils, Nos. 9173-9174: Depth, 0"-6". Located three miles west of Yantis. Wood county, Eagledaw survey. This is uniform, level, upland soil, of moderate fertility. It produces one-half bale of cotton per acre, twenty bushels of corn per acre and twenty bushels of oats per acre. The land has been cultivated about seventeen years. No fertilizer has been used. The soil is a yellow sand, which runs together, packs, and clods on drying. Plants produce a good stalk. Cotton does not die. The yield is greater in wet seasons than in dry seasons. The sample represents ten acres of the farm and one-fifth of the county.
No. 9174: Subsoil to 9173. Depth, 6"-12". This soil is also a yellow sand.
Andy Kastl, Angleton, Brazoria County.—Experiment 298. Plot is located one and one-half miles east of Angleton on fairly well drained, flat prairie land, uniform, moderately fertile, black waxy soil with blue clay subsoil. It has been under cultivation twenty years; has been planted in cotton and corn exclusively, and produces twenty to thirty bushels of corn per acre. Fertilizer has never been tried, but it is evident that the soil lacks humus. The corn was planted April 20 after fertilizer had been applied by hand and covered \vith disc cultivator and
56	texas agricultural experiment station.
was replanted June 1. Land was broken February 1, bedded and cultivated six times. Plots were of four rows each, 3^ feet apart and 280 feet long. Plots 1, 2 and 3 were damaged 10 per cent by hogs, but all suffered from unfavorable weather conditions. The grass grew much more rapidly in the fertilized plots.
Description of soils, Nos. 9307-9308: Depth, 0"-8". Located one mile east of Angleton, Brazoria county, Tinsley survey. This is moderately good upland, uniform, and not subject to overflow. It produces one-half bale of cotton per acre and twenty bushels corn per acre. The land has been under cultivation for twenty years. The soil is known as "black waxy." It is poorly drained and in wet seasons small corn easily drowns. In dry years corn can be raised with very little rain if the ground has not become packed by too much rain before drought sets in. The soil packs, runs together, and- clods on drying. Plants produce a good stalk. Cotton does not die. The sample represents thirty acres of the farm and thousands of acres in the county.
No. 9308: Depth, 8"-20". This is the subsoil to 9307. This soil is a black clay like the surface soil.
J. C. King, R. F. D. No. 6, Weatherford, Parker County.—Experiment 299. Plot is located one mile northwest of Weatherford on well drained, good, uniform, second bottom, almost black soil with some sand, and a dark clay subsoil. No fertilizer has been used, but the land produces thirty-five bushels of oats per acre. Laid laud off with a buster, put fertilizer down with corn, and planted and covered it with a harrow. Planted corn March 18 in plots of two rows each, 4 feet apart and 180 feet long, and harvested it September 1. Fertilizer may have done some good had it rained sooner.
Description of soils, Nos. 9327-9328: Depth, 0"-8". Located one mile northwest of Weatherford, Parker county, J. M. Trimble survey. This is good bottom land, uniform in fertility. Crops have been changed every year. Corn, cotton, oats, and potatoes have been grown. Some fertilizer has been used, though none seemed to do much good. Green crops plowed under have done most good. The soil, a brownish black clay loam, locally called "black sand," runs together somewhat in wet seasons, but makes good "stuff." Crops are fairly good in dry seasons. The soil packs to some extent and crumbles on drying. Plants produce a good stalk, and cotton dies very little. The sample represents about one-half the farm.
No. 9328: Subsoil to 9327. Depth, 8"-18". This soil is a black clay.
E. J. McGoivn, R. F. D. No. 1, Milam, Sabine County.—Experiment 302. Plot is located five miles west of Hemphill on well drained, moderately fertile, upland, dark red sandy and clay spotted soil with yellow loam subsoil. Soil has been under cultivation for about forty years, has given good results with barnvard manure and commercial fertilizer, and produces about twenty bushels of corn or 700 pounds of seed cotton. Corn was planted March 17 in furrow after fertilizer had been applied
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14,    57
and mixed in. The crop was harvested September 17. The plots consisted of two rows, 44 feet apart and 137 feet long. Ten weeks of drought injured the crop considerably.
D. F. McKee, Pecos, Reeves County.—Experiment 303. Plot is located at Pecos on well drained, second bottom, uniform, good, light red, sandy loam soil with gray subsoil. It has been under cultivation two years; was formerly prairie, and now produces one bale cotton per acre. Commercial fertilizer has been used without giving any noticeable results. The corn planted June 11 on plots of six rows each, 3 feet apart and 275 feet long, and was harvested October 18. The stand obtained was very poor on account of unfavorable weather conditions, but there was little difference in the growth on the different plots.
Description of soils, Nos.'9934-9935: Depth, 0"-6". Located four and one-half miles northwest of Pecos, Reeves county, section 74, H. & S. N. survey. This is level upland, uniform in fertility. Oats were plowed under in 1914. The soil is a yellow sandy loam, which packs, runs together, and clods. It does not crumble on drying. Plants produce a good stalk. Cotton dies to some extent. The sample represents 100 acres of the 160-acre farm.
No. 9935: Subsoil to 9934. Depth, 6"-12". The soil is yellow sandy loam similar to the surface soil.
John D. McLeod, Leggett, Polk County.—Experiment 304. Plot is located two miles east of Leggett on well drained, upland, moderately fertile, uniform, Houston black clay soil with white gumbo subsoil. It has been under cultivation for fifty years; never has been fertilized, and produces fifteen bn.shels corn per acre. On plots of one row, 7 feet apart and 400 yards long, the fertilizer was put down in deep furrows, and bedded on; corn was planted April 8, and plowed with sweeps every two weeks. Peas were planted in middle of the row June 15, and the crop was harvested October 24. Crop had no rain from May 28 to August 4.
Description of soils, Nos. 9981-9982: Depth, 0"-6". Located two mil os east of Lobada. in Polk county. This is moderately fertile upland, not subject to overflow. It produces fifteen bushels of corn per acre and one-half bale of cotton per acre. The land has been under cultivation for sixty years. No fertilizer has been applied or green crops plowed -under. The soil is a black clav. which does not pack, run together, or cold, and crumbles on drying. It stands drought well. Plants produce a moderate stalk. Cotton doe« not die. The sample represents fifty acres of the farm and abo-nt ?0.000 acres.of the county.
No. 9982: ' Subsoil to 9981. Depth. 6"-12". This soil is lighter in color than the surface soil.
W. F. Mixon, E. F. T). No. 1. Murchison, Henderson County.—Experiment 305. Plot is located three miles south of Martins on well drained, upland, -uniform, moderatelv fertile, gray colored soil with yellow subsoil. Has been under cultivation for twelve years and pro-
58	texas agricultural experiment station.
duces fifteen to eighteen bushels of corn per acre. Plot is in Van Zandt county. Has never used fertilizers. Corn was planted April 6 in plots of four rows, 4 feet apart and 280 feet long. The land was flat broke, bedded and fertilizer was applied by hand through a horn. Crop was harrowed once, but wet weather prevented proper cultivation. All plots were affected the same.
E. R. Minter, R. F. D. No. 3, Como, Hoplcins County.—Experiment 289. Plot is located eight miles northeast of Como on well drained, good, uniform, rolling upland, red oak loam soil, with red clay subsoil. It has been under cultivation for fifteen years; has been planted mostly in cotton, corn, peas, or potatoes, and now produces one-half bale of cotton or twenty to forty bushels corn per acre. Acid phosphate has given excellent results, but cottonseed meal when used alone gives too much stalk. Acid phosphate also has done well in preventing apples from falling off the trees. He thinks the land needs lime. Fertilizer was applied with a distributer; corn was planted May 30 in plots of twenty rows, 4 feet apart and 170 yards long, and crop was harvested November 1. The plots fertilized seemed to suffer more from drought than the others.
W. IT. Moore, Crecy, Trinity County.—Experiment 306. Plot is located one-half mile north of Crecy on well drained upland, uniform, moderately fertile graj sandy soil with subsoil of the same material. It has been under cultivation for two years; produces twenty-five bushels of corn or one-half bale of cotton per acre; meal has given good results. Fertilizer was applied by hand; corn was planted April 16 in plots of four rows, 4 feet apart and 50 yards long; cultivation was neglected on account of wet weather, and crop was harvested October 12. Had lots of rain from April 16 to May 28, but from that time until July 17 it was very dry.
/. 7?. E'iley, Woodville, Tyler County.—Experiment 307. Plot is located one mile northwest of Woodville on well drained, upland, uniform, poor, light sandy soil with yellow clay subsoil. Has been under cultivation for forty years; has been planted mostly in corn, sweet potatoes, and peanuts. Has used a home mixed fertilizer that would analyze about 9-2-2,. with good results. One acre will produce twelve to fifteen bushels of corn without fertilizer. Land was broken shallow in fall: was rebroken February 6, harrowed, laid off, and fertilizer applied ten days before planting. Corn was planter! April 1 in plots of three rows, 5 feet apart and 105 yards long. Crop was harvested September 5.
Description of soil?, Nos. 9139-9140. Depth, 0"-6". Located one-half mile northwest from Woodville, Tyler county, Wheat survey. This is moderately fertile upland, somewhat rolling. It produces twenty bushels of corn per acre and one hundred bushels of sweet potatoes per acre. Three hundred pounds of fertilizer were applied in May (1914) with good results. N~o manure has been used and no green crops have
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    59
ever been plowed under. The land has been under cultivation for fifty years. The soil is a white sand. The yield is good in both wet and dry years. The soil runs together and clods to some extent and on drying crumbles. Plants produce a good stalk. The sample represents twenty-five acres of the farm and one-third of the county.
No." 9140: Subsoil to 9139. Depth, 6"-14". -This soil is a yellow clay.
Jas. 0. Rivers, R. F. D. No. 2, Corsicana, Xava-rro County.—Experiment 300. Plot is located five miles south of Barry on well drained, slightly rolling, upland, moderately fertile, slightly ununiform, sandy loam soil with clay subsoil. Has been under cultivation ten or twelve years; was formerly timbered with post oak and black jack. Equal parts of cottonseed, meal and acid phosphate produced good results on corn, land produces from one-third to one-half bale of cotton per acre. Corn was planted in plots of four rows each, 3-£ feet apart and 340 feet long. Land was flat broke in fall, then harrowed in February; section was harrowed later in same month, and fertilizer was drilled in two weeks before crop was planted, March 16. Plots No. 2 and 5 were damaged by gulleys working out. Fertilizer was washed out so badly by heavy rains that the results prove practically nothing.
Description of soils, Nos. 8134-8135: Depth, 0"-8". Located five miles south of Barry, Navarro county. This is moderately fertile upland, known as "sandy post oak." It produces one-third bale of cotton per acre. No fertilizer has been applied, and no green crops have ever been plowed under. Tbe soil is a brown sandy loam. In wet seasons it is friable and the yield is good. In dry seasons it is very loose and the yield is short. It does not pack or clod, and crumbles on drying. Plants produce a good stalk, and cotton does not die. The farm has been under cultivation for ten years. The sample represents four-fifths of the farm and 50 per cent of the county.
No. 8135: Subsoil to 8134. Depth, 8"-20". This soil is similar to the surface soil.
H. A. Saathwff, Sat sum a, Harris Comity.—Experiment 308. Plot is located one and one-half miles southeast of Satsuma on fairly well drained, upland, moderately fertile, black sandy loam soil, with some spots in it, and with light gray subsoil with some alkali rocks in it. Phosphate and cottonseed meal have been used. Land has been under cultivation for four years. The fertilizer was drilled in ahead of corn. Corn was planted March 11 in plots of ten rows each, 3% feet apart and 60 rods long. Was cultivated twice with straight shovel plow and harvested September 15. Rain caused land to pack badly. No plot was affected differentlv from others.
Description of soils, Nos. 9943-9944: Depth, 0"-12V'. Located one and one-half miles southeast of Satsuma, Harris county, Dement survey. This is moderatelv fertile, level upland, which has shown an average yield during the four years that it has been under cultivation of about twenty bushels of corn per acre. No fertilizer or manure has been used.
60	texas agricultural experiment station.
The soil is a gray clay loam, locally known as "black sandy land." In wet seasons the soil runs together, and a fair crop is made if a dust mulch is kept. The soil cracks in dry seasons and the crop dries out in spots. The soil packs and clods and does not crumble on drying. Plants produce a medium stalk, and cotton dies in spots. The sample represents about twenty-four square miles in the county.
No. 9944: Subsoil"to 9943. Depth, 12$"-25". This soil is a gray clay.
J. H. Shepherd, Wirvnsboro, Wood County.—Experiment 301. Plot is located on fairly well drained hillside slope, mixed, moderately fertile, light, sandy loam soil with clay subsoil. Land has been under cultivation for about fifteen years; has never had an application of fertilizer and produces about 800 pounds of seed cotton per acre. Fertilizer experiment was made last year higher up the same slope. Fertilizer was drilled in with distributer in plots of six rows each, 3^ feet apart. Plots 5, 7, 9 and 10 were affected by unfavorable conditions. The test is unsatisfactory, due to an unusually wet spring.
Description of soils, ISTos. 9349-9350: Depth, 0"-8". Located one-fourth mile southeast of Winnsboro, Wood county. This is moderately fertile, rolling upland, and is nearly uniform. It has been under cultivation for several years. The soil is a gray sand, which in dry seasons is quick to fire up. It packs and dries to crumbs. Plants produce a medium stalk, and cotton does not die. The sample represents an average of the entire farm and about 30 per cent of the county.
No. 9350: Subsoil to 9349. Depth, 8"-16". This soil is a light
gray clay.	' -
R. J. Singleton, Kirbyville, Jasper County.—Experiment 309. Plot is located three miles north of Kirbyville on fairly well drained, low, uniform, poor, dark colored sandv loam soil with red clav subsoil. It has been under cultivation for about sixty years; was formerly pine hummock; produces now about ten bushels corn per acre; has had an application of fertilizer once, but on account of wet weather failed to give good results. Fertilizer was applied under corn when planted April 10. Plots were of three rows each, 5-J feet apart and 270 feet long. All plots were affected by wet spring and drought in June. Eain in spring came very near killing: plots 1 and 8.
Description of soils, Noe. 9163-9164: Depth, 0"-3"-9". Located three and on^-half miles north of Kirbyville, Jasper county, Coge section, H. fochran survey. This is poor upland, nearly uniform. It produces eight bushels of corn per acre. Peanuts grow moderately. No fertilizer has been applied. Four tons of manure per acre increased the yield. The soil is gray pand. In wet seasons it is boggy and seapy; in drv seasons it holds moisture well. It does not pack, run together or clod, and it crumbles on drying. Plants produce a moderate stalk. Cotton dies in spots.
No. 9164: Subsoil to 9163. Depth, 9"-14". This is yellow mottled with black sand.
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    61
E. B. titeadmanj Keith, Grimes County.—Experiment 310. Plot is located eight miles southwest of lola on well drained upland, moderately fertile or poor, rather light., deep sand with some spots, and yellow clay subsoil. It has been under cultivation off and on for forty or fifty years; has had commercial fertilizer applied with satisfactory results; and produces eight to ten bushels of corn per acre, ordinarily, but one acre produces thirty-two bushels with commercial fertilizer under it. The corn was planted April 4 on plots of twenty rows each, 3^ feet apart and 140 feet long. The land was bedded and fertilizer put down with a distributer and mixed well with soil. All the plots were damaged by rain.
Description of soils, Nos. 9300-9301: Depth, 0"-7". Located eight miles from lola, Grimes county, section west of Marten survey. The land is rolling with a north and south slope. The fertility is described as unsatisfactory and not uniform. The land produces, when fertilized, one-half bale cotton per acre and twenty to twenty-five bushels of corn per acre. About 100 to 125 pounds of fertilizer per acre has been applied with good effect. No manure has been applied and no green crops have been plowed under. The soil is a reddish yellow sand. It drowns out in wet seasons, but does well in dry. It packs and runs together and does not crumble or clod on drying. Plants produce a good stalk with the aid of fertilizer. The sample represents about fifteen acres of the farm.
No. 9301: Depth. 7"-19". This is the subsoil to 9300. It is a red mottled with yellow sandy clay.
E. 77. Smith, Splendora, Liberty County.—Experiment 311. Plot is located five miles east of Splendora on well drained, second bottom, moderately fertile, uniform, medium light sand with a red and yellow stiff clay subsoil. This land has been under cultivation sixteen years; has had commercial fertilizers applied with good results, and produces fifteen bushels of corn per acre without fertilizer. The corn was planted April 1 on plots of one row each, 3f feet apart and 290 yards long, and harvested September 6. All plots received the same treatment throughout the season, but all were damaged 10 per cent by storm. Plots 1 and 8 did not grow off as ranidly at first as the others.
Description of soils, Nos. 9378-9379 : Depth, 0"-7". Located five miles east of Splendora, Liberty county, F. Hardin survey. This is uniform, moderately fertile, level, upland, and has been under cultivation for ten years. It produces fifteen to twenty-five busffhels of corn per acre. Two tons of manure per acre caused an increase in yield. The soil is a gray sand. It runs together in wet seasons, and in dry seasons it gets hard. It packs, runs together, and dries to clods. Plants produce an average stalk. Cotton does not die. The sample represents about 25 per cent of the farm, or six acres, and 20 per cent of the county.
No. 9379: Subsoil to 9378. Depth, 7"-15". This soil is \ grayish white clav.
62	texas agricultural experiment station.
Roy Sturrocl-, Colmesneil, Tyler County.—Experiment 312. Plot is located six miles northwest of Colmesneil on well drained, upland, mod-erately fertile, uniform, sandy soil with sandy subsoil. The land has been under cultivation twenty-three years, and produces one-half bale of cotton. Commercial fertilizers have been applied and good results obtained. Corn was planted April 9 on plots of four rows, 4 feet apart and 240 feet long, and was gathered September 30. Water damaged one end of plot No. 1 by running across it.
S. F. Vaughan, Jonesville, Harrison County.—Experiment 315. Plot is located one and one-fourth miles north of Jonesville on well drained, upland, moderately fertile, uniform, light red, sandy soil with yellow clay and red clay subsoil. This land has been under cultivation for forty or fifty }^ears; has been gradually improved, and now produces about twenty bushels of corn or one-half bale of cotton per acre. Usually acid phosphate mixed with cottonseed meal and potash has been used as fertilizer, and good results have been obtained. Corn was planted April 8 on plots of four rows each, 4 feet apart and 280 feet long, and was harvested September 4. Plots 1 and 2 were damaged by root worms and plot 9 and 10 were fired from drought before the others, but all suffered from drought,
Description of soils, Nos. 9161-9162: Depth, 0"-8"-10". Located one and one-half miles north of Jonesville, Harrison county, Daul Eouse survey. This is fairly uniform, good upland, slightly rolling to the north, and is not subject to overflow. It produces one-half bale to a bale of cotton per acre, and twenty-five bushels of corn per acre. It has been under cultivation about fifty years. Two hundred and fifty to four hundred pounds of fertilizer per acre applied before planting gave an increase in the yield. A crop of oats stubble and peanuts were plowed under in the fall of 1914. The soil is a light brown sand, which must be drained in wet seasons. It stands drought well. It packs, runs together, and dries to crumbs. Plants produce a good stalk. Cotton dies in two places.
No. 9162: Subsoil to 91(11. Depth, 10"-16". This soil is also a light brown sand.
E. H. Watson. Tsggett, Polk County.—Experiment 313. Plot is located one and one-half miles east of Leggett, very poorly drained, low land, moderately fertile, mixed sand and dirt soil with yellow clay subsoil. This land has been under cultivation twenty years; produces fifteen bushels of corn per acre without fertilizer. Corn was planted April 10 on plots of three rows each, 6 feet apart and 70 yards long, and was harvested September 20. All plots suffered equally from too much rain.
Description of soils, Xo«. 9333-9334: Depth, 0"-12". Located one and one-half miles east of Leggett, Polk county. This is hilly land. It is moderately fertile, but is not uniform. No fertilizer or manure has ever been applied, and no green crops have been plowed under. The soil is a brown sand, locally known as "chimney dirt." Crops drown
cooperative fertilizer experiments with corn, 1908-14.    63
out in wet seasons and burn up in fay seasons.    The soil packs, runs together, and clods.    The sample represents twenty acres of tiie farm. No.   9334:     Subsoil to  9333.    Depth,  12"-24"."   This  is  a  reddish brown clay.
SUMMARY  AND  CONCLUSIONS.
1. This bulletin contains detailed reports, of co-operative fertilizer experiments on corn in 1911 to 1914, inclusive, with tables of experiments for 1908-1910, inclusive.
2. Of the 114 experiments, 77 per cent gave a gain with acid phosphate, 67 per cent a gain with cotton seed meal, and 40 per cent a gain with potash. The gains were, in many cases, not profitable.
3. From 150 to 200 pounds of acid phosphate produced an average gain of from five to seven bushels of corn per acre where any gain occurred. From 30 to 100 pounds of cottonseed meal produced an average gain of .4 to 3.8 bushels per acre, when used in combination with acid phosphate. Two hundred pounds of cottonseed meal alone, or with acid phospha'te. produced from 5.5 to .7.1 bushels increase, average, where a gain was produced.
4. From 5 to 25 pounds muriate of potash per acre produced average gains of 2.3 to 3.2 bushels corn per acre where a gain occurred. Fifty pounds muriate of potash gave gains of from 2.1 to 5.1 bushels corn per acre where a gain occurred, which was in 40 per cent of the experiments.
5. From 60 to 100 pounds acid phosphate per acre should be sufficient to produce the increases usually observed in these experiments, where it is used alone, and 100 pounds of 16 per cent acid phosphate should be sufficient to produce the gains visually observed, or a larger increase when applied in combination.
6. The use of acid phosphate alone is not recommended except temporarily, or except in combination with a rotation containing legumes to be turned under or grazed off, for the purpose of supplying nitrogen. The continuous use of acid phosphate without legume rotation will cause the soil to become depleted in nitrogen and the acid phosphate will become ineffective after a time.
7. One hundred pounds of cottonseed meal will produce a gain of about three bushels of corn per acre, as found in a number of these experiments. The plots receiving cottonseed meal alone, or in combination, suffered from dry weather more than the other plots in a great many instances.
8. The indiscriminate use of potash on Texas soils for corn is not profitable. Potash should be used onlv when the farmer is satisfied that his soil needs it, and then the quantitv applied should be large enough to be- of benefit. The small quantities used in ordinarily mixed fertilizers is often of little benefit.
9. The average gain due to barnyard manure, where a gain occurred, was from 8.3 to 11.5 bushels per acre. The barnyard manure gave larger gains than acid phosphate, cottonseed meal, or potash salts. This
64	texas agricultural experiment station.
is ascribed to the vegetable matter  carried  by the barnyard  manure, improving the condition of the soil and its ability to hold water,
10. The use of barnyard manure, or,, in its absence, the rotation of crops, including a legume to be turned under or grazed off, is highly recommended for corn growing, as it is hardly probable that sufficienT barnyard manure can be secured and farmers are advised to adopt a crop rotation to add vegetable matter to the soil through the use of a legume.
11. Thomas phosphate was used in twelve tests and it had about 60 per cent of the effectiveness of acid phosphate.
12. Finely ground rock phosphate was used in eleven experiments and sixty pounds of phosphoric acid in rock phosphate produced a gain on an average of 3.5 bushels of corn, whereas twenty-four pounds available phosphoric acid in acid phosphate produced an average gain of 6.6 bushels of corn. The phosphoric acid of the rock phosphate had about 22 per cent of the effect of the phosphoric acid of acid phosphate. On some soils the rock phosphate had no effect.
13. Lime used in six of the twelve experiments produced no gain. The average gain due to lime was 4.5 bushels. Large gains were produced in three experiments., namely, in Liberty county, Matagorda. county, and in Harris county. The lime had no effect on another experiment in Harris county.
14. When 50 pounds of nitrate of soda was substituted for 100 pounds cottonseed meal in forty-nine experiments, the average difference in favor of cottonseed meal was about one bushel of corn per acre. The nitrate of soda was added with the other fertilizer before planting. Had it been added as a top dressing at a later stage of growth, the result might have been more favorable to the nitrate of soda.
15. Manure gave profitable results in the greatest number of experiments. Acid phosphate alone gave a large number of profitable increases, and cottonseed meal alone nearlv the same number. Cottonseed meal with acid phosphate gave profitable results in 42 per cent of the trials. Potash gave profitable results in one-sixth of the experiments. The composition of the soils and the details of the experiment* are given.