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Electrical and Production Load Factors
Abstract
Load factors and operating hours of small and
medium-sized industrial plants are analyzed to
classify shift-work patterns and develop energy
conservation diagnostic tools. This paper discusses
two types of electric load factors for each shift
classification within major industry groups. The load
factor based on billing hours (ELF) increases with
operating hours from about 0.4 for a nominal one
shift operation, to about 0.7 for around-the-clock
operation. On the other hand, the load factor based
on production hours (PLF) shows an inverse trend,
varying from about 1.4 for one shift operation to 0.8
for around-the-clock operation. The deviations in the
mean PLF values were, however, found to be
significantly higher than the corresponding ELF values.
This analysis used annual data for electrical
demand and consumption along with annual
operating hours for manufacturing facilities in the
United States from the US Department of Energy’s
Industrial Assessment Center national database.
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Citation
Sen, T.; Heffington, W. M. (2009). Electrical and Production Load Factors. Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu). Available electronically from https : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /91084.